Mr. CoLESROOKE on the Philosophy of India?! Sectaries. 571 



The Pds'upatas argue, that as a potter is the efficient, not the material, 

 cause of the jar made by him ; so the sentient being, who presides over the 

 world, is the efficient, not the material, cause of it : for the superintendent, 

 and that which is by him superintended, cannot be one and the same. 



In a more full exposition of their opinions * they are stated as enume- 

 rating under the heads of effects and causes, those which are secondary ; 

 and as subdividing likewise the heads of prescribed rites and termination 

 of ill. 



I. They distinguish ten effects (cdrya) : namely, five principles (tatwa), 

 which are the five elements : earth, water, fire, air and ether ; and five 

 qualities (giin'a) colour, &c. 



II. They reckon thirteen causes or instruments (caran'a) ; viz. five 

 organs of sense, and as many organs of action ; and three internal organs, 

 intelligence, mind, and consciousness. These thirteen causes or means are 

 the same with the thirteen instruments of knowledge enumerated by Capila 

 and his followers, the Sdnc'Iiyas. 



III. Yoga, abstraction, does not appear to admit any subdivision. 



IV. Enjoined rules (vidhi) are distributed under two heads : 1st. vrata, 

 2d. dtcdra. 



To the first head (vrata or vow) appertains the use of ashes in place of 

 water for bath or ablutions : that is, first, in lieu of bathing thrice a day ; 

 at morning, noon and evening : secondly, instead of ablutions for special 

 causes, as purification from uncleanness after evacuation of urine, feces, &c. 



To the same head belongs likemse the sleeping upon ashes : for which 

 particular pui'pose they are solicited from householders, in like manner as 

 food and other alms are begged. 



This head comprises also exultation (upahdra), which comprehends 

 laughter, dance, song, bellowing as a bull, bowing, recital of prayer, &c. 



The second head (dwdra) consists of, 1st. pretending sleep, though 

 really awake ; 2d. quaking, or tremulous motion of members, as if afflicted 

 with rheumatism or paralytic affection; 3d. iialting, as if lame ; 4th. joy, 

 as of a lover at sight of his beloved mistress ; 5th. affectation of madness, 

 though quite sane ; 6th. incoherent discourse. 



V. Termination of pain (duhc'/idnla) or deliverance from evil, is twofold : 

 one is absolute extinction of all ills ; tlie other is acquisition of transcendent 



• VuthyaUmmna on Br. Sulr. 2. 2. 37. 



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