18 College of Forestry 



bark on. All forms of limb and body wood down to two 

 inches in diameter are utilized. When over eight inches in 

 diameter the wood is commonly split. Body wood is much 

 preferred to limb wood because the latter contains too much 

 sapwood and consequently more moisture. As mentioned 

 previously, yields from heartwood are much greater than 

 those from sapwood. 



Opportunities for utilization of sawmill and woods waste. 



Some of the most successful plants in this country are 

 operated where woods waste consisting of tops, limbs, crooked 

 trees, defective logs and broken material in the woods can be 

 profitably utilized. Haul roads, skidways and' railroads 

 maintained and operated for the purpose of getting out logs 

 can be utilized to excellent advantage in getting out the other 

 material for distillation purposes, and under these conditions 

 the wood can be delivered at the factory at a very low com- 

 parative cost. This is the method usually followed in con- 

 nection with the large distillation plants in Michigan and 

 Wisconsin and is also followed to some extent in the Adiron- 

 dacks and other parts of the State. Where the larger logs 

 are utilized for lumber, the material that would otherwise 

 be wasted, is used for wood distillation purposes. This 

 feature constitutes an important contribution to the cause of 

 forest conservation because one of our greatest problems of 

 forestry in this country is the utilization of our enormous 

 waste. At present we waste as much as we utilize, and any 

 form of forest utilization which contributes to closer utiliza- 

 tion may be highly commended. The removal of all of this 

 material from the forest also means that the fire danger is 

 greatly lessened. 



The larger refuse from the manufacture of l.umber in saw- 

 mills is used to advantage in the largest plants in this 

 country in Michigan, It is believed that this form of utiliza- 

 tion of sawmill waste will come into greater prominence in 



