CONTENTS. 



History. page. 



Introduction 11 



Early practices 12 



Utilization of Wood in The Industry. 



Favorable conditions in New York 14 



Desirable species 14 



Stumpage values 15 



Cutting and delivering to the factory 16 



Seasoning 16 



Opportunities for utilization of sawmill and woods 



waste 18 



Management of timberlands 19 



Statistics of wood consumption in New York 20 



Statistics of wood consumption in the United States. . 22 



Developments in The Industry. 



Processes of Manufacture. 



Brick kilns 27 



Iron retorts 28 



Oven retorts 29 



Distillation. 32 



Plant Equipment. 



Storage yards 38 



Retort house 39 



Trackage and cars 39 



Retorts 40 



Ovens 42 



Cooling ovens 43 



Still house 45 



Drying floor 47 



Charcoal house 47 



Cost of plant and equipment 48 



Plant Operation. 



Fuel 49 



Labor 51 



Depreciation charges 52 



Cost of operation 54 



Yields 55 



Value of products 56 



(9) 



