KEPORT OF THE STATISTICIAN. 127 



Texas. — Anderson : Barn-yard and cotton-s'^ed. Austin : Barn-yard and such as is 

 gathered on the range. Burnet : Sheep-raisers use the manure from their sheop-pens 

 and stables ; 12 loads per acre applied. Chambers : Barn-yard manure and decayefl 

 vegetation. Cherokee : From 20 to 60 bushels of cotton-aeod ]}ev acre ; worth from 6 to 10 

 cents j)er bnshel; some farmers haul out lot-manure, 10 to 13 loads fjer acre. Colo- 

 rado : In a few instances cow-penning is practiced by the Germans. Smith : Cotton- 

 seed is used, 20 bushels per acre. Titns : In some instances farmers carry out barn- 

 yard manure, (when it is in the way ;) a few make compost. 



Arkansas, — Arkansas: Some cotton-seed and stable-manure. Boone: Barn-yard 

 manure only. Craighead: Barn-yard ; no other. Crittenden : Sometimes cotton-seed is 

 used, but without system. Cross : What is gathered about the stable and yard. Dal- 

 las : Cotton-seed is usually put on corn. Ashes and stable-manure are hauled out to 

 the hold. Izard : A part of the barn-yard manure is used, bat the largest part lies as a 

 nuisance or is swept away by freshets. Johnson : Such as are gathered from the lots 

 and stables. Marion : Not over half a ton of commercial fertilizers used in the 

 county. Stable-manure is used more or less upon nearly every farm. Prairie : Barn- 

 yard and cotton-seed are used by a few farmers. Setier : A fe\v use barn-yard manure. 

 Van Buren : Stable is used to a limited extent. 



Tennessee. — Bradley : Fifty per cent, more barn-yard used at this time than ever 

 before ; value $1 per two-horse load. Bedford : Plaster is used on clover. A very few 

 uSo phosphate ; cost $20 per ton. Turning under green crops of clover, weeds, &c., is 

 practiced. Barn-yard manure is the chief fertilizer used. Cannon: Clover and barn- 

 yard manure are thj principal reliance. Be Kalh : Domestic manures are used by 

 about half the farmers. Dickson: No fertilizers used except barn-yard manure, and 

 that only on gardens or small lots. Gibson : For old ground clovering is the principal 

 fertilizer used, but the barn-yard furnishes the chief source for fertilizing the soil. 

 Hardeman : A little stable-manure and cotton-seed used. Henderson ; Mostly stable- 

 manure, worth $2 per ton. Guano is used to a limited extent with remunerative re- 

 sults. Lauderdale : A small amount of cotton-seed and stable-manure. Lawrence : 

 Stable-manure is the only kind used. Lincoln : Clover and barn-yard manure are the 

 chief fertilizers used. Maury: Used on nearly all plantations, principally clover 

 and barn-yard manure, which are considered the cheapest and best. Land-plaster is 

 used to a considerable extent on clover, especially on thin land ; from 50 to 75 pounds 

 per acre is applied. About the same amount per acre has been used on cotton with 

 signal success. Madison : Planters depend upon clover ; generally all the stable- 

 manure is wasted. Smith : Most farmers use some stable-manure ; there is some land- 

 plaster used ; from 50 to 200 pounds per acre. Sumner : Some stable-manure used on 

 the poorest part of our land. Stock is not stabled much, and the amount of manure is 

 small. Warren : Small quantities of barn-yard manure used. 



CHANGES IN MODES OF CULTURE. 



There is little evidence of change in modes of culture. The old prac- 

 tice is founded on generations of experience and investigation. If 

 radical change were desirable, it could not easily be made successful by 

 negroes trained to the former routine. Yet there is indicated a change 

 in the closer copying of model practice, and especially in a more gen- 

 eral use of improved implements. If the old forms of implements are 

 retained, there is marked improvement in grace of outline and perfec- 

 tion of finish, as well as in economy of material and power. Such im- 

 provements are more general on the Atlantic coast and in Texas than 

 in the Mississippi Valley. Two-thirds of the returns of the Carolinas 

 indicate such improvement, and thirty-eight of the fifty-seven counties 

 represented in Texas. Half of the Georgia returns indicate such 

 changes ; some are silent on the subject, and nearly one-fourth report 

 no material change. In Alabama nearly two-thirds report noticeable 

 change, and more than half in Tennessee and Arkansas. Louisiana is 

 most conservative on this point, indicating very little change, and in 

 Mississippi less than one-third report changes. 



The use of double plows and sulky-cultivators is extending upon the 

 large plantations of Texas. Cotton-planters are corning into use. 

 Wherever white labor is predominant, labor-saving impleiueuts are com- 

 ing into general use. " The negro is not apt in the use of improved imple- 



