PEQGRESS OF INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION. 345 



Stalks in a bill ; to corapare the pTOductivenesa of suclvcred and unsuck- 

 ered plants ; tlie values of seeds from the butts, middle, and tops of 

 ears ; to ascertain the comparative value of seven varieties of fertilizers ; 

 and of pure fertilizers eomponnded by Professor Caldwell: on twenty- 

 eight plots of ij;rass, to test the effects of various fertilizers as top-dress- 

 ing: in feediaji; cattle, to ascertain the effects of various kinds and quan- 

 tities of food oil the <]uantity and qunlily of milk : and in breeding cattle, 

 to ascertain the value in the uiiik- -dairy of the progeny of certain pure 

 ♦breeds crossed with the common cow. 



The following are some of the conclusions arrived at, viz: that 

 gypsum is of little value to corn and grass in wet seasons, but of great 

 value in dry ; that superphosphates are of very unequal values, those of 

 • the best reputation provi»ng of little value on the soil of this farm when 

 applied to moderately-fertile and well-cultivated land ; that strict laws 

 are needed in the State of New York to control the sale and manufacture 

 of commercial fertilizers; that failures i4i farming result not so much 

 from poor soil as froai poor culture, imperfect preparation of the soil, 

 and stagnant water in the subsoil ; that clover and cattle are the cheapest 

 renovators of worn-outfields; that early-sown crops require the least 

 quantity of seed, and promise the best results; that heavy land should 

 not be deeply plowed in the spring; the best results are obtained from 

 land plowed moderately deep in the fall, covered with manure in the 

 winter, and replowed to half the depth in the spring. 



The annual interest derived from the proceeds of the congressional 

 land-scrip is $35,000. There have been sold during the fiscal year 

 17,447 acres of the land, at an average price of $4.05 per acre, and 

 375,000 acres remain unsold. 



Professors in the College of Agriculture, 20; assistants, 12: students, 

 26; in the College of Mechanic Arts, professors, 11; assistants, 10; stu- 

 dents, 68; in all the departments, professors, 31; assistants, 23; students, 

 526. 



NORTH CAROLINA. 



University of North Carolina. — College of Agriculture and the Meclianio 

 Arts, at Ghafpel Hill; Mr. Kemp P. Battle, iwesident. — During the year a 

 chemical laboratory has been thoroughly fitted up for qualitative and 

 quantitative analyses with apparatus and gas, the apparatus costing 

 $2,000; also, a large and commodious hall for lectures on physics, with 

 apparatus worth $2,000. As soon as means will permit, the trustees of 

 the college will make arrangements to give .students efficient and prac- 

 tical instruction in ma,tters pertaining to the farm. In addition to the 

 regular course of study in agriculture, instruction will be given largely 

 by lectures, not only by resident professors, but by practical farmers 

 who have devoted time, study, and attention to certain specialties. The 

 college owns some land, which it intends to use for an experimental 

 farm, but it has not yet been surveyed, nor brought into a proper con- 

 dition for the cultivation of farm-crops. A gold ined?il, worth $10, is 

 offered to the scholar who, after one year's study, shall pass the most 

 meritorious written esamination m chemistry. 



The university has an extensive collection of minerals, both native and 

 foreign, to illustrate the courses of study in mineralogy and geology. 

 The Vienna cabinet comprises 2,000 fine specimens of minerals, col- 

 lected ii'ora every quarter of the globe. The large collection of ores, 

 minerals, and fossils, made by Dr. Emmons, and given to the university 

 by the State, has been classified and neatly arranged in a room fitted 

 up especially for the purpose. An instructor in natural history has been 



