198 Proceedings of Indiana Academy of Science. 
extreme defoliation caused but the young fruit was directly attacked by the 
fungus. As a result there was a heavy fall of the fruit at the time of the 
attack and the fruit continued to drop off all through the season. In an 
unsprayed orchard near Mooresville examined June 25, most of the fruits 
still remaining on the trees were affected with the large, red, “birth- 
mark” lesions of this disease which in most cases caused marked crack- 
ing and malformation. At this time most of the affected leaves had fallen 
and were replaced by new foliage. In the fall Burkholder noted that in 
such orchards the foliage was held about two weeks longer and that only 
about one-half the normal twig growth was made. 
In the Mooresville orchard mentioned above, the varieties Elberta and 
Big Red were much more severely affected than the Champion and Hale 
and most of the fruit on the first two varieties had fallen prematurely. 
The following observations on varietal susceptibility were made by Burk- 
holder: The Crawford was damaged more than any other variety in the 
state and in Morgan and Montgomery counties there was a total loss of the 
crop on this variety. The crop on the Elberta variety was cut from three 
bushels to one peck and the variety Belle of Georgia was fully as susceptible 
as the Elberta. The Champion variety bore but half a crop because of 
this disease. In the same localities the varieties Admiral Dewey, Carman, 
Smock and Salway bore full crops. Smock and Salway were especially 
resistant and showed practically no foliage infection and bore so heavily 
that it was necessary to thin the crop one-half. Burkholder further ob- 
served that Scalecide was not effective against curl and that a thorough 
application of the lime sulphur dormant spray was necessary. The dis- 
ease was destructive in an orchard where the spraying was done with a 
spray gun on a windy day and unsprayed strips were left on the branches. 
Next to leaf curl, black spot caused by Bacterium pruni was the most 
serious peach disease and was much worse than in 1919. Burkholder 
reports that this disease was severe in Vanderburg, Daviess, Orange, Greene 
and Lawrence counties and worst in Knox and Gibson counties. Black spot 
was so destructive on the Hale variety in one orchard near Vincennes that 
the affected fruits were hauled out by the barrel in June. Early in July 
it was found prevalent on foliage and fruit and to some extent on twigs 
of the current year’s growth. Yellowing of the affected leaves and de- 
foliation were the result. Severe hail injury to the fruit occurred in the 
region about Decker and almost every hail wound was infected with this 
organism so that large blackened cavities occurred on a considerable per- 
centage of the fruit. Twig invasion through hail wounds was also very gen- 
eral and Burkholder observed twig attack which was severe enough to 
cause shriveling and premature dropping of the fruit. 
Burkholder further observed that in orchards containing both the Elberta 
and Hale varieties the Hale was much more severely affected by this disease. 
The same observer noted that no control of this disease was obtained in 
orchards thoroughly sprayed with lime sulphur but that orchards, 11 to 12 
years old, which had received several heavy applications of barnyard 
manure during their history, showed remarkable resistance to this disease. 
He further noted that two to three applications of sodium nitrate to 
orchards of the Hale variety during the current season had no apparent 
effect upon the disease. 
