Indiana Plant Diseases. 207 
roots became very large and additional galls were formed on the new 
secondary roots sent out above the original infestation. Whether or not 
the soil of Indiana fields will remain permanently infested with nematodes 
is not known and tests are now under way to determine this point. In view 
of the persistence of the nematode infestation in muck soils near Goshen 
and Akron,—and the Goshen infestation is of at least six years standing,— 
it would appear to be a questionable practice to flood Indiana each spring 
with nematode-infested plants. Furthermore, H. D. Brown found nematode 
galls on tomato seedlings in a cold frame at Hardinsburg, a fact which 
would indicate that these nematodes already may be indigenous in certain 
localities in southern Indiana. 
TURNIP. 
An unquestionable mosaic disease of turnips was found near South Bend, 
Oct. 12, associated with a rather heavy infestation of tarnished plant bugs. 
The diseased plants were stunted and the leaves showed characteristic 
mosaic etiolation, mottling and dark green puffy areas. 
Turnips and cabbage growing in the nematode-infested muck soil near 
Goshen were not affected with root-knot. 
WATERMELON. 
Fusarium wilt seemed to be generally present in fields previously used for 
watermelons. In one field near Princeton not in watermelons in six years 
about 2 per cent of the plants were killed by wilt. This indicated that the 
fungus persisted at least six years in the soil. In an S0-acre field on new 
soil near Vincennes no wilt was found. 
Leaf-spot or blight caused by Alternaria brassicac nigrescens was found 
prevalent in one field near Decker August 19. 
WHEAT. 
The foot-rot widely announced as ‘“‘take-all” in 1919 was found only in an 
experimental field near Wanatah where the disease occurred in 1919. The 
other infested fields were not replanted with wheat :this year, however. 
This disease seems to be rather closely associated with the varieties Red 
Cross and Salzer’s Prizetaker. 
Seab caused by Gibberclla saubinettii, which was very abundant in 1919, 
was not at all common this year. Pipal reports that it was serious locally 
in Davis and Posey counties. 
Stem rust was not at all abundant on winter wheat except locally. Hos- 
mer reports that some stem rust was noted in practically all localities where 
barberries were found and one rather extensive infestation occurred in Knox 
county. On spring wheat stem rust was more common. Leaf rust was 
common on spring wheat but was present to only a slight degree on winter 
wheat. In general this was not an epidemic year for either stem or leaf 
rust. 
Bunt or stinking smut is in general becoming less prevalent in Indiana 
because of the wide use of the formaldehyde seed treatment. It was worse 
