Indiana Archaeology 63 
apparently that many different periods or stages in the construction 
of the mound. This central grave was on a large scale, being about 
12 by 14 feet and nearly 7 feet in depth, walled with logs, which had 
decayed, leaving only the space or mold. No copper ornaments were 
found in this grave, but fine specimens were found in some of the other 
graves, indicating that the remarkable use of copper came a little later 
than the date of this the most pretentious of the burials. 
At the Baum earthworks and sepulchral mounds, some 14 miles from 
Chillicothe, shown in Figure 3, a radical change in custom and 
ceremonial rites was found in the square truncated mound, explored 
by Squier and Davis in 1846, from those at the Adena Mound. At the 
latter place logs were used in the formation of sepulchers but here 
they were used upright, forming an enclosure which was a _ perfect 
circle 26 feet in diameter, with the posts set 10 inches apart. It was 
paved on the ground surface by logs radiating from the center. All 
interments were within this enclosure and were found at various levels 
placed upon layers of sand, indicating a progress in the construction 
of the mound similar to that of the Adena mound. Here to somewhat 
larger extent than at the Adena mound the practice of cremation was 
found, but at each place it was incidental and not the general practice. 
No copper or foreign substances were found, and the few stone articles 
did not show high aboriginal art and it is inferred that the construc- 
tion of the mound antedated that of the earthworks. The construction 
of a square monument around a circular mortuary chamber would indi- 
cate a relationship with the early cult which built rectangular truncated 
mounds in the Ohio and Mississippi valleys. And the incentive prompt- 
ing the use of an unusual geometrical feature in the construction of 
this mound would seem to be the governing incentive leading to the 
construction of the ideal group of earthworks found at this place. 
A group of earthworks identical in nature with the Baum group 
except that the arrangement places the smaller circle adjoining the 
square enclosure and both connected with the larger circle, is located 
about 8 miles south of Chillicothe, and known as the Harness mounds, 
named for the original owner of the land. A very large sepulchral 
mound is associated with the earthworks, but in this case it is inside 
of the large circular embankment and at a point such that it forms 
the prominent feature of all three enclosures. This group was sur- 
veyed and examined by Squier and Davis in 1846, and was completely 
explored by Prof. Mills in 1903. It was elliptical, being 160 feet long, 
85 feet maximum width and about 20 feet maximum height. The height 
of the walls of the large circle was about 4 feet, with the walls of the 
smaller circle somewhat heavier and those of the square heaviest of 
all. The walls are unaccompanied by a ditch and the square incloses 
some 30 acres, the larger circle containing about one-half more than 
the square. While at the Adena and Baum mounds the practice of 
cremation was exceptional, the reverse obtained at the Harness mound, 
for here separate burnt clay or puddled platforms, or basin-like cists, 
were prepared for the cremated, or more often partially cremated, 
remains. These receptacles were in most cases for individuals, but in 
some cases four burials were placed on a platform and occasionally 
