Trilium 83 
preference not only as to soil and as to illumination, but also as to 
drainage. This, as indicated above, was taken into consideration in 
arranging the plants shown in Figure 1. 
The blooming of Trillium nivale is not confined to the space of a 
few days, but in its native habitat, and as shown by the study of the 
plants partly illustrated by Figure 1, this period of blooming extended 
often several weeks, according, in part, to the condition of the weather, 
etc. The period of blooming was shortened by mild weather. The 
plants I transplanted showed a tendency to begin blooming somewhat 
earlier as a rule than those in the field, but this was slight. 
Pollination was effected by bees which swarmed at times about the 
flowers, visiting first one and then another continuously. In this way 
an exceptional opportunity was afforded to watch in a small space and 
on numerous individuals the way the large amount of pollen was trans- 
ferred from one flower to another. One insect in this way often visited 
a half score of flowers in a few minutes, so that the distribution of the 
pollen was thoroughly done. The pollen is produced in large amounts 
in each flower and the cells of the anther which open lengthwise down 
the margin allow the pollen to be puffed out somewhat and made easy 
of attachment to the visiting insect. 
In only a few instances was there any tendency toward a mon- 
strosity in Trillium nivale. This occurred in the transplanted speci- 
mens and was evidenced by a partial transformation of the petals in 
one of the flowers to leaves. This instance of phyllody in Trillium 
nivale, however, seems to be extremely rare and is all the more sur- 
prising when it is remembered that the genus Trillium is rather in- 
clined to monstrosities in instances of phyllody in various of its species. 
The writer has called attention to some of these monstrosities in a 
former paper’ on three of the species of the genus Trillium, namely, 
Trillium sessile, Trillium recurvatum and Trillium erectum. These 
three species seem to be more susceptible to variation in this respect 
than is Trillium nivale. This one case of phyllody during the twenty- 
three years these plants of Trillium nivale have been under direct ob- 
servation and where from twenty-five flowers at first to about the two 
hundred flowers which were produced in 1921 shows that this tendency 
.is rather unusual in this species, when successive yearly observations 
over a long period and finally in large numbers gave ample opportunity 
for its detection. 
The pollen grains are nearly round and in surface view show short, 
blunt, numerous points about evenly distributed over the surface (Plate 
I, Figure 1). They germinate readily in solutions consisting of 3% 
cane sugar to which is added 14%% of gelatine. In such a mixture 
germination takes place to a considerable extent after two hours. This 
is shown in Plate I, Figure 2, where the pollen tube has attained a 
length of about three times the diameter of the spore. After three 
hours the pollen tube has grown to about four times or more the 
diameter of the spore on the average, and as a rule is considerably 
more irregular in outline, Plate I, Figure 3. 
1 Andrews, F. M. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science, 1905, pp. 187 
and 188. 
