EEPOET OF TUB STATISTICIAN. 35 



that vicinity. lu tho uortlieru part of the county th^^-ee cows and a bull, 

 in a herd of twelve, were attacked in September, and died. No cattle 

 had been introduced into the herd for a year previous. Two other herds 

 in the same locality were attacked in December and suffered till March, 

 with a loss of eight head. One calf died at six weeks old, although the 

 mother showed no signs of the disease. Not a single animal recovered 

 which showed positive symptoms of the disease. On fifteen ftiruis in 

 Camden the aggTCgate loss from this disease is placed at one hundred 

 and twenty head. Pleuro-pneumonia has prevailed to considerable 

 extent in Baltimore County, Maryland, principally in the vicinity of 

 Baltimore City, the heaviest losses generally occurring where the cows 

 were kept in close, filthy stables. Experience has shown that cleanliness 

 and thorough ventilation have great effect in checking the disease. 

 There are still some cases, and it is proposed, if it does not soon abate, 

 to tr5' inoculation, which is claimed to be safe and reliable. It has also 

 prevailed to some extent on several farms near Chadd's Tord, Pennsyl- 

 vania, with a few isolated cases in other parts of the couut3\ 



Abortion has not been so prevalent as to be especially referred to, 

 except in Oneida County, New York, where 5 per cent, of the calves 

 were lost, occurring mostly where tho cows were weakened by being 

 milked late in the vrinter; in Otsego, where a few cases occurred ; in 

 Chenango, many cases, the loss to tho farmer in er.ch being from $15 to 

 825; in Litchfield, Connecticut; in Essex and Sussex, Nevv'^ Jersej^ In 

 Mercer, Pennsylvania, a fever and inllamraation of the Avomb hns pre- 

 vailed among cows soon after calving, which has generally proved fatal 

 unless prompt attention is given. 



^^ Black-Lcfj^'' is reported iu many places in different i)ortious of the 

 country. No remedy is reported as efficient. In Coryell, Texas, raany 

 deaths of cattle were caused by the "heel-fiy," which resembles the bot- 

 fly, and is a great annoyance, driviug the cattle into tlie water and into 

 the thickets where they cannot graze. It appeared about January 1. 



Various diseases. — Our correspondent in Kcnt,Mic]iigan, thus describes 

 a prevalent disease: 



A cattle-discaso commciiceil last fall east of louia, exteudinj.'; on the north of Graud 

 Kiver, -westward to Plaiulield, and thence south over a belt oi' country. It attacked 

 cattlo of all ages and conditions, but especially young co-ws. It atrected tlio fourth 

 stomach, duodenum, livei", gall, bladder, ami circulating system. The pathology of 

 tho disease showed, upon dissection, a iiutrcdinous formation, and a discharge of bile 

 into the duodenum from the pale ash-colored, macerated liver. Tho predisposing 

 causes of tho disease aro various. The diseased bile from tho livor is evidently the 

 reason of the putrid contents of the duodenum, but whether this springs from smut 

 on corn is another question. A cow whicli sickened and died within an liunr had been 

 fed daily feu- two years with a paUi'ul of kitchen swill and two pailfuis of brau, with 

 such coarse food as she could piclc up from various dung-hills. The course of the 

 disease is rapid, generally from half an hour to two hours. Tho animals arc uneasy, 

 stepping about, striking their hind legs against the abdomen, lying uueasily upon tlie 

 ground, groaning, fceale imlsation of arteries, heart-action reduced, breathing some- 

 what quickened, the mucous coat of tho moutli and eyes looks jialo and bluish, paunch 

 mostly full of food, but not distended -with gas, nose and extremities cold. A pont-mortevi 

 examination shows that muscular and nervous systems aro in a normal condition, and 

 that all tho organs within the thoracic aiul abdominal cavities aro healthy, except tho 

 liver, tlie gall-bladder, tho duodenum, and the pyloric portion of the abdomasum, 

 which shows no signs of congestion or inflammation, but is bloodless aud colorless. 

 Tho serous coating is of a pale-bluish hue; the muscular coat of the duodenum a 

 darker hue ; the softened mucous coat of a darker violet. Tho grnel-liko contents of 

 the duodenum, from the point where the biliary and pancreatic ducts discharge their 

 fluids into it, are of a pale or greenish-black color, diffusing an intensely penetratini^ 

 foul smell. The coating of the liver is of a pale-tan color, aud its substlince soff. 

 The gall-bladder is of a pale green. Tho mesentery, stomachs, aud digestive canal 

 on either side, from tho pyloric portion of tho abdomasum and duodenum, are 

 bloodless aud pale. Tho blood is black, iusufiicient in fibriue. These facts all indicate 



