REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. 171 



adapted to the Ligher elevation and the red barks to a lower. This 

 corresponds to what we know of their growth in their native localities. 



Mr. Howard says, " My own belief is, tliat success, though not to the 

 fullest possible extent, lias been assured by the steps already taken in 

 the acclimatization of the Cincliona in India ; but it will not be well to 

 overlook the fact that in Java some disappointment has been felt, and 

 it is ouly by avoiding errors in the choice of species, and by carefully 

 selectiug the best situations and modes of culture, that individual plant- 

 ers in other parts of the world will see their efforts crowned with re- 

 munerative results." 



With" respect to the cultivation of the cinchonas within the limits of 

 the United States, considerable diversity of opinion has been expressed. 

 The great variations of temperature, to which our climate is subject, 

 seem to offer the strongest objection. The occurrence of frost is inju- 

 rious, if not fatal, to the cinchona, and this fact excludes the greater 

 portion of our country from any probability of its successful cultivation. 

 It has been thought that some portions of Texas and California will furn- 

 ish the climatic conditions requisite for the growth of this valuable tree. 



Thermometric observations, continued for many years at San Diego, 

 in California, show a mean temperature through the year of about 62<^, 

 while the lowest temperature reached during the year is about 33°. The 

 mean temperature of spring is about 60° ; of summer, 08° ; of autumn, 

 63° ', and of winter, 54°. Only a series of carefully-conducted experi- 

 ments, with reference to this matter, can fully determine the capabili- 

 ties of our climate for the cultivation of these trees. 



EFFECT OF CHANGE OF CLIMATE UPON THE BARK-PRODITCTS TN INDIA. 



Jitr. Howard says it was at first a somewhat doubtful and anxious in- 

 quiry whether the product in alkaloids might not be deteriorated or 

 altered by the change of climate to which the i>lants were subjected. In 

 order to determine this point, a chemical analysis was made — first, of 

 original bark from the mountains of Peru, of which ripened seeds were 

 also obtained. This analysis resulted as follows : 



Oxalate of quiniue 1-87 



Cinchonidine 1-20 



Cinclionine 04 



Total 3.11 



Plants grown in England, under glass, fr<3m seeds of the preceding, 

 gave as follows : 



fSulphato of quiuiue 1- 33 



CinchoniiTine •^>" 



Cincbouiue, merely a trace. 



Total l-^>3 



The plant from which this analysis was made was afterward sent to 

 India. It was about G feet high, and although sufieiing in the first in- 

 stance from its change of location, was so entirely restored that it yielded 

 many thousand young plants. 



After becoming fully acclimated, the bark of this tree was subse- 

 quently sent to England for analysis, and showed a considerable increase 

 01 the quinine products. 



Another analysis was made of bark, the product of trees descended 

 from the last, and grown wholly in India, with the following result: 



