I'NFLUENZA IX HORSES. 205 



Solleysel describes an epizootic among the liorses of tbe Freucli army, 

 operating in Germany in 1648, which closely agrees with influenza. It 

 began by fever, great prostration, tears running from the eyes, and a 

 profuse greenish mucous discharge from the nostrils. The appetite was 

 lost and ears cold. Eew recovered. This appears to have closely fol- 

 lowed the epidemic influenza of 1G17, mentioned by Hensinger. 



In 1088 influenza was epidemic over the whole of Europe, spreading 

 from east to west. In England and Ireland it was immediately preceded 

 by a nasal catarrh, from which horses universally suffered, (Short, Rut- 

 ty.) In 1G93 it again prevailed over the whole of Euroi)o and the Brit- 

 ish Isles, attacking first horses, and then, after a short time, men, (Web- 

 ster, Short, Forster.) In 1(398, during an epidemic catarrh in France, 

 cattle and horses suffered from what was described as a bilious plague, 

 (Bascom.) The year following influenza i)revailed among horses in 

 France, and severely among men and horses in England, (Webster.) In 

 America in the same year horses were first attacked, and afterward men, 

 (Forster.) 



The year 1707, remarkable for an eruption of Vesuvius and the np- 

 heaval of a new island in the ^Egean Sea, witnessed an epidemic catarrh 

 in Francouia, (Steurlius,) and in England, where horses also suffered, 

 (Short.) A similar eruption, with earthquakes, in 1712, coincided with, 

 an epidemic and above all an equine influenza, (Laucisi, Kauold.) In 

 the winter of 1727-'28, horses in Great Britain suffered from epidemic 

 catarrh; in Ireland it attacked man a little later, (Kutty.) 



In 1732, seven earthquakes occurred in China, followed by pestilential 

 diseases in man and malignant carbuncular diseases in animals. A lit- 

 tle later influenza spread over Europe and America from east to west, 

 (Glugo.) Arbuthnot and others who described it in England remarked 

 upon the sulphurous vapors pervading the atmosphere, and that men 

 and horses were attacked successivel}'. Gibson, who furnishes a full 

 description of the affection in the horse, says that it attacked raaiilly 

 young or ill-conditioned animals, and did not prove fatal. In 1736 and 

 1737 it again i)revailed in England, attacking men and horses. Short, 

 who records this, mentions an eruption of Vesuvius in the latter year. 

 Ill 1740, 1742, and 1743 violent sore throats prevailed in man, horse, and 

 ox, (Huxham, Eutty, Faulkener;) but whether due to influenza is not 

 plain. In 1746 and 1750-'ol catarrh was epizootic among horses in Ire- 

 land, (Rutty, Osmer;) in 1758 in Scotland and England, attacking man 

 as well, (Whytt, Bascom;) in 1760, after an eruption of Vesuvius, in- 

 fluenza appeared in Great Britain, Ireland, and elsewhere in Europe, 

 attacking first horses, then men, (Bisset, Rutty.) In 1760 it is reported 

 as in Denmark, attacking horses and dogs; and in 1762 in France, Ire- 

 land, and other parts of Europe, among horses and men, (Rutty, Bot- 

 tain.) 



In 1767 it prevailed in Europe, and above all in England, where it 

 attacked first dogs and horses, then men, (Forster, Iteunsen;) also in 

 America among horses. It carried off: almost all the young horses and 

 colts in New Jersey, and was very ruinous in New England, (Webster.) 



In 1776, after a very severe winter and warm summer, with an earth- 

 (juakc in Wales, influenza spread over Europe. Fothergill, Gumming, 

 Glass, Haggarth, and Pultney, in England, and Lorry, in France, 

 noticed that horses and dogs suffered before it attacked human 

 beings. Ifuzzard speaks of the horses suffering last. Poultry died 

 in great immbers from an epizootic with defluxions from the eyes. 

 In 1780, after eruptions of Vesuvius and l^tna, and a terrible earth- 

 quake in Taurus, influenza ai)peared among horses. Huzzard describes 



