FISH CULTURE. 273 



time yet to expect any results, but the yearling fish have beeu seen iu 

 the river. 



A number of the fry were also taken safely to Saint Paul, Minnesota, 

 and put into the Mississippi at that point. Forty-five thousand were 

 put in Lake Champlain, and fifty thousand in the Alleghany at Sala- 

 manca. The most interesting experiment was the transportation of the 

 fry to California. This was undertaken at the expense of the commis- 

 sioners of California, but with the permission of the New York commis- 

 sioners. The attempt was apparently hopeless, and nothing but failure 

 was predicted, but it turned out to be a success, and as an account of 

 the trial will serve as a guide for future journeys, I will insert it here. 



On the 19th day of June, 1871, 1 started at 6 a. m. from my hatching- 

 establishment ten miles below Albany, on the Hudson Kiver, with 

 twelve thousand young shad in four eight- gallon milk-cans. They had 

 been hatched the night before at the establishment under charge of the 

 New York commissioners. I arrived at Eochester at 10 p. m., and 

 changed the water, substituting that from the Genesee Kiver, without 

 injury to the fish. I arrived at Cleveland at 7.45 next morning; put 

 two hundred shad in Lake Erie, and changed the water again. The fish 

 were then fresh and lively, without any signs of sickness. I again 

 changed the water at Toledo, and when I arrived at Chicago at 7 p. m. 

 the fish were still iu good order. Here I first tried the water from the 

 city water- works, but found there was too much oil in it; so I went to 

 the lake. Having tasted the water and found that it would answer, -I 

 put two hundred fish in Lake Michigan, and on June 21 started with 

 cans newly filled, at 10.45 a. m., for California. I carried an extra can of 

 water, for before me was a long stretch of almost arid land ; still I was 

 fortunate enough to find some places between Chicago and Omaha where 

 I could get a few pails of water and make a partial change. The fish 

 were still in good order when we arrived at Omaha ; but there I could 

 not find any water in which they would live five minutes. The way 1 

 tested the water was by filling a tumbler and putting a few fish iu it ; 

 it was easy to tell at once, by the behavior of the fry, whether the water 

 agreed with them or not. I did not get a full change until I reached 

 Laramie River. From Omaha I did not find any good Avater for four 

 hundred miles, and the only way I kept my charges alive was by draw- 

 ing the water ont of the cans into pails, and pouring it from one pail 

 into another until purified ; this process being assisted by my getting a 

 little ice- water from the car-tanks. 



June 22. — Bad water all day, with the thermometer 100° in the shade 

 from 9 a. m. to 4 p. m. I used ice-water the entire day, a very little at 

 a time, and had hard work to keep the temperature of the water below 

 82°. I began to feel blue, and doubtful of the result. The fish suftered 

 considerably, but the weather began to be cold toward night, and I got 

 the temperature of the water down to 75° at 9 p. m., the fish recovering 

 a little. 



June 23. — I arrived at Laramie Eiver at 5 p. m. and got a good change 

 of water ; fish doing well, and I began once more to feel hopeful and 

 encouraged. We had a frost that night, and next morning at 7 1 changed 

 water at Green River, where it was in proper condition. At 2 p. m. I got 

 another change from a stream in which there were trout, and again at 

 Ogden, wbere 1 put two hundred fish in the river. 



June 25. — The water was changed at the Humboldt River ; the water 

 was good and continued good all the rest of the way. 



June 26. — I arrived at Sacramento and took the fish up the river two 

 hundred and seventy-five miles from Sacramento, in company with 

 18 A 



