CITY MILK SUPPLY. 



335 



Aualysesof samples of the plain coudeused milk of several compauies, 

 preseated by Dr. (Jhaudler iu May, 1872, are as follows : 



AVERAGE ADULTERATI0:N^, AXD ITS EFFECT ON PRICES. 



It is calculated by Dr. Chandler, from long-continued investigation, 

 tliat the milk supply of Xew York and Brooklyn rcceives,on an average, 

 one quart of water to every three quarts of pure milk before reaching 

 consumers. It cannot be otherwise than that this artificial extension of 

 supply should depreciate prices obtained by producers. Eecent tabular 

 statements, published by milk associations concerned iu the Xew York 

 market, go to show that the average net price obtained by farmers ship- 

 ping to that city had fallen fully one cent per quart diu'iug the three 

 years from 1SG9 to 1871, inclusive. Eeports for 1871, received by the 

 Department, indicate the total receipts by rail during that year, for 

 the city of New York and vicinity, to have exceeded 27,800,000 gal- 

 lons. With the addition of water in the proportion of one to three be- 

 fore delivery to consumers, we find milk-growers deprived of a business 

 which would return to them $1,390,000 yearly, at an average first price 

 of 15 cents per gallon, city consumers, on the other hand, paying more 

 than 83,700,000 annually for water; and these losses are increasing. 

 This calculation does not touch the supply of swill-milk from the 

 city suburbs, stated at about 1,800 gallons daily iu 1872. Putting aside 

 extension by water, this deleterious stuff causes an additional forestall- 

 ing of country production to the amount of 037,000 gallons of milk 

 yearly, an item of comparatively small consequence to the great milk- 

 growing region, but quite significant in city health reports. It has 

 been stated that, in 1811, swill-fed milk constituted nearly the whole 

 supply of Xew York. 



SUPPLY BY. RAIL. 



The statistics of milk supply by rail include the most important rela- 

 tions between the producer and the consumer. This medium of convey- 

 ance, in opening a market to regions hitherto comparatively isolated, 

 has compelled dairy-farmers to study more carefully questions of feed- 

 ing and the home management of milk, and has made charges of trans- 

 portation and handling by middle-men and city milkmen points of con- 

 stantly growing consequence. Some material concerning prices obtained 

 by shippers in different sections of the country, cost of transportation, 

 and methods of management, has been given "in the reports of the De- 

 partment for 1870 and 1871. The following exhibits are from correspond- 

 ence with milk producers, railroad officials, secretaries of agricultural 



