CITY MILK SUPPLY. 337 



freiglit-cbarge was 30 cents per can, or f cent per quart. It was after- 

 ward raised to 40 cents per can, and for the last ten or tweh^ years the 

 charge has been, as at present, CO cents per can. From 18-31 to 1800 

 farmers received 2i cents per quart in summer and 3.} cents in winter, 

 namely, October 1 to April 1, and from the early part of 1801, generally 

 speakiug, 3i cents in summer and 5 to cents in winter. Shipments 

 from Millerton are by several lines of rail. The correspondent at Eut- 

 land, Vermont, states that the milk-car leaves that station at five min- 

 ntes past a. m., and is due in Kew York at about half past 12 at 

 night. The station-agent at Clarendon, Vermont, writes that the busi- 

 ness there has but just commenced, and is increasiug, and adds : 

 '' Milk, at present prices, is doing about 35 per cent, better than but- 

 ter or cheese. The latter heretofore has had the lead iu dairy matters." 

 The business of milk shipment from Vermont is of recent date. Tlie 

 report from Canaan, Connecticut, is for shipments by the llousatonic 

 road. 



Mr. Otis T. Bedell, president of the United Farmers' Milk Company, 

 doing business in New York, writes that the retail prices of milk in 

 that city from 1809 to 1871, inclusive, were 10 cents per (piart in sum- 

 mer and 12 cents in winter, and that during the summer of 1872 the 

 l)rice was brought down to 8 cents. The secretary of the Iron Clad 

 Can Company writes that the summer prices of 1872 varied from 8 

 cents to 10 cents per quart, averaghig 9 cents. 



Reports received from freight agents and superintendents give the 

 followingas the shipments over theseveral named roads above for the year 

 ending i)ecember 31, 1871 : Erie, 11,733,500 gallons, including 300,092 

 gallons of cream and 14,217 gallons of condensed milk ; !New York and 

 New Haven, 3,144,330 gallons; New York Central and Hudson Eiver, 

 1,926,557 gallons; Central New Jersey, 543,770 gallons; South Side 

 Long Island, 359,944 gallons ; United Eailroadsof New Jersey, 305 cans 

 per month. No report has been received from the New York and Har- 

 lem. Eeceut estimates have i^laced the shipments on that road at six- 

 sevenths of the amount shipped on the Eric, which, on the above basis, 

 would show about 10,057,280 gallons Ibr 1871, making the total receipts 

 in New York and A'iciuity, in 1871, by the named roads, over 27,800,000 

 gallons. Keceipts by the New York and New Haven road were (ex- 

 cepting three stations) from Connecticut and Massachusetts, and in- 

 cluded 1,S58,497J gallons by the Housatonic road and 581,487.i gallons 

 by the Naugatuck. 



History of sJiipme7its hi/ tJie Eric road. — In 1843, soon after the open- 

 ing of the Erie road, it carried 795,370 gallons ; iu 1851, 3,152,039 

 gallons ; in 1801, (year ending June 30,) 0,103,052 gallons ; iu 1871, 

 11,733,500 gallons ; m 1S72, 11,720,580 gallons, including 332,340 gallons 

 of cream. Mr. Emmett Moore, milk agent of the road, writes that the 

 busiuess has increased about 10 per cent, yearly, on an average, for 

 the last ten years. The apparent diminution in 1872 arose from the 

 transfer of shipments of the Middletown, Uniouville and Water Gap 

 road and the New York and Oswego Midland to independent accounts 

 of the latter corporation. The freight charge on the Erie line being oH 

 cents per can, or 5h cents per gallon for miik and 00 cents per can for 

 cream, it will be seen that the gross income from transportation of milk 

 and cream on that roati, in 1872, amounted to $040,293.00. I]iglity miles 

 is the extreme distance of shipment. 



Orange Count)/ milk. — Orange County, New York, has long been prom- 

 inent as a milk-producing section. Several short lines of rail traverse 

 it and swell the volume of transj)ortatioji over main roads. The follow- 

 22 A 



