CITY MILK SUPPLY. 341 



llarvaid correspondent, wlio says : " ]S"ot a single scaled cau lias been 

 left with ine lately ; I do not think I lia%'e seen one for live years, cer- 

 tainly not for two years. The law is a dead letter in this vicinity." He 

 complains that this illegal nsage operates, through irregularity in size of 

 cans, to reduce the price received by the farmer to a rate below the 

 nominal one. On New Hampshire portions of the routes, South 

 Lyndeborough and Amherst report that fcAV of the cans are sealed, 

 other points reporting sealed cans. 



In May, 1872, the Massachusetts law respecting adulteration of milk 

 was made still more stringent, and a clause was inserted making the 

 seller of milk which has been skimmed or partly skimmed liable to a 

 fine of not less than $20 for the first offense, and not less than 8oO for 

 each subsequent offense. 



shipjments to CniCAGO. 



Comparatively little milk is received in Chicago from points distant 

 more than fifty miles from that city. On the Chicago and Northwestern 

 Eailway fifty-three miles is reported as the extreme distance of regular 

 milk shipment, and on the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy road seventy- 

 seven miles. Producers ship to city dealers, the former paying freight 

 and generally furnishing cans. 



Dr. J. H. Kauch, of the Chicago board of health, writes that daring 

 the six winter months of lS71-'72 city dealers paid farmers 4J- cents per 

 quart and retailed at 7 cents ; during the summer of 1872 farmers re- 

 ceived 3J cents, city retailers obtaining 6 cents. Farmers had received 

 in the preceding year 5 cents per quart, gross, in winter, and 3^ cents 

 in summer; city retail prices, 8 cents and 7 cents. To show net receipts 

 by farmers at points of shipment freight-charges must be deducted from 

 gross prices. Eeports received by the Department from the Chicago 

 and Northwestern Railway give transportation charges per can of S 

 gallons, for distances reaching twenty miles, 1(3 cents ; for twenty to 

 foEty miles, 20 cents ; for more than forty miles, 24 cents. The Chicago, 

 Btirlington and Quincy road reports 15 cents per eight gallons up to 

 about forty miles, 20 cents for fifty miles, and 25 cents for seventy-five 

 miles. A summary of information on net prices received in 1872 by 

 farmers at country stations shows 2J cents in summer and 3.} cents in 

 winter, at points of largest shipment, correspondents at other points 

 reporting variations reaching 7^- cent, in some cases more. 



Dr. Eaucli offers a statement of the daily milk receipts of the city in 

 1872, which, with some modification in the first two items, is as follows: 



By the Chicago and jSTorthwestern Kailway 10,730 gallons ; Chicago, 

 Burlington and Quincy, 2,322 gallons; Illinois Central, GOO gallons; 

 Rock Island, 300 gallons ; Chicago, Danville and Yincennes, 160 gallons — 

 making the daily receipts by rail 14,112 gallons ; 6,000 gallons from 

 cows kept in the city swell the receipts to 20,112 gallons daily, or 

 7,340,880 gallons for the year. He adds that the supply by rail has in- 

 creased fully one-third over that of 1871, owing to increase of population 

 and the removal by the board of many of the city cow-stables. Two- 

 thirds of the cows kept in the city are swill-fed. The character of the 

 city milk supply is claimed to be comparatively good ; water is the only 

 means of adulteration used, as far as is discovered. 



C. C. Wheeler, general freight agent of the Chicago and Nortliwestern 

 Railway, reports the receipts of milk by that road in 1871 at 2,960,64!) 

 gallons. February was the month of smallest receipts, and August that 

 of the largest; their respective amounts being 193,082 gallons and 



