112 PROCEEDINGS OP THE INDIANA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. 



My instructions are very general in their character, and, if I rightly under- 

 stand them, leave a wide margin to my discretion." 



"With the limited means at the disposal of the Board, 1 suppose it was not 

 their intention to undertake, at present, anything like a systematic survey, and 

 mapping of the State by sections; but merely to institute such lor'al examina- 

 tions as will, with the least labor, develop the largest amount of facts in 

 relation to the resources of the State, not only in mineral wealth, but also in 

 regard to building material, including stone, lime and timber — and whatever 

 else may tend to call attention to, and invite the investment of active capital 

 in Indiana." 



"The labors of Dr. Owen, some years ago, have furnished us with an 

 outline map of the Geology of the State, so that the lines of outcrop of the 

 several formations are pretty accurately' defined. There Avill be therefore, 

 no loss of time necessary in defining the boundaries of the different strata, 

 and their associated mineral treasures." 



His report then follows closely along the lines of Dr. Owen's 1837 report, 

 which had been reprinted verbatim in 1853. He states that the "Cliff rock" 

 of the Ohio Geologists is the equivalent of the "Niagara limestone" of New 

 York, thus introdu"ing for the first time that name into Indiana Geological 

 literature. His statement (p. 303) that it underlies really more than half 

 of the territory of the State is apt to be misunderstood, and is true only in 

 the sense that it dips deeply beneath the overlying formations to the south- 

 west, and not that it forms the surface rock over that much of the State's 

 area. Several pages are devoted to the quarries which had been opened at 

 Marble Hill, Vernon, Greensburg, Logansport and other points. He called 

 "the esfjccial attention of the manj' flourishing towns in the interior of the 

 State witli muddy sidewalks to the quarries at Sand Greek, Clifty and Mat 

 Rock wliich were then furnishing "flagstone for pavements of almost any 

 required dimensions and in quantities that cannot be exhausted for ages." 



Dr. Brown did not recognize Owen's name of "Knobstone," for the forma- 

 tion now known under that name, but called it tlie "Argillaceous or Chemung 

 sandstone," regarding it as identical with the Chemung of New York and the 

 Great Devonian or old red sandstone of Europe, in both of which conclusions 

 he was evidently Avrong. He says "On a careful examination, I am convinced 

 Ihat this series will, with proper care, in the selections, furnish much valuable 

 l)uil(ling material," a statement which has also not been borne out in the years 

 that have passed. 



Tlie first account of Wyandotte Cave in an Indiana work is opened with 

 the s(Mitencc: "A minute description of this great subterranean world would, 

 perha))s be out of place in this report. Suffice it to say that the extreme 

 distance attained, from the most southwardly to the most northwardly point, 

 is seven miles." He states, as have a number of other writers, that the "whole 

 number of miles in the explored cave is nineteen and a half," while accurate 

 measurements made by myself in 1896 show that they are 4.21. I can, 

 however, approve most highly his closing statement that "To the curious 



