114 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIANA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. 



least three workable seams lying one above another, making an aggregate of 

 from 12 to 15 feet of eoal, or more than three hundred millions of bushels 

 per square mile. The price of coal, delivered on boat at Cannelton, is seven 

 cents per bushel, or $1.96 per ton." 



"The Cannelton Cotton Mill Company, whose mill was constructed 

 in 1S49," he states, "have the honor of having first demonstrated that the 

 cheap fuel, cheap transportation, and cheap living in the west, can fairly 

 compete with manufactories anywhere. The mill is now running 10,800 

 spindles, and 378 power looms, making about 600 tons per annum, or two 

 tons per day of brown sheetings. The factory is four stories high, with an 

 attic — is 287 feet long and 65 feet wide, A\ith two towers in front, each 106 

 feet high. It is built of new Red Sandstone of the Coal formations." This 

 is a coal measure sandstone immediately- ov^erlying the Mansfield sandstone. 



The area embraced in our new State Park, "Turkey Run," was first 

 mentioned in geological literature by Dr. Brown as follows: "The lovers of 

 the wild and romantic in scenery are especially in\dted to examine Sugar 

 Creek from the mouth of Indian Creek to its junction with the Wabash. 

 Xo region in the State furnishes so many frightful precipices, rugged cliffs 

 and deep t'wilight gorges as Sugar Creek, in the neighborhood of the Narrows." 



In 1857 Hamilton Smith, a member of the American Cannel Coal Co. 

 of Cannelton, Ind., prepared for the State Board of Agriculture a paper of 

 33 printed pages entitled "Coal Mining in Indiana." This was published in 

 the State Agricultural Report for 1856. In it he stated that the Cannel Coal 

 Company, composed of foreign caj)italists, after due investigation, had re- 

 ceived a charter from the State and opened their mines near Cannelton in 

 1837, with the expectation of furnishing fuel to the man.y steamers plying up 

 and down the Ohio River. When they were ready to deliver coal they found 

 out that the engineers would not change from wood to coal, claiming that the 

 latter would not make sufficient steam. For a long time the>' operated the 

 mines at a loss, and after 20 years were just beginning to pay dividends. The 

 paper was illustrated with eight plates of mining machinery and one geological 

 section of the coal formations at Cannelton. The MTiter claimed that a thor- 

 ough geologic survey of the western section of the State would be of infinite 

 advantage to both producers and consumers. As a member of the legisla- 

 ture from Perry (^ounty, he did much toward l)ringing about the enactment 

 of the law creating the survey authorized in 1859. 



In 1857 a well was sunk in the courthouse square in the city of Lafayette 

 to a depth of 2.30 feet. It proved to be an artesian well, with a strong flow of 

 sulphur water. Dr. Chas. M. Wetherill prepared and pul)hshed* in the 

 American Journal of Science a report of 32 pages treating of artesian wells in 

 general and the one at Lafayette in particular. It included a description of 

 the strata, a full analysis of tlic water, etc., and was the first literature on 

 artesian wells in the State. 



>^Vol. XXXII, Sec. Series, p. 241-249. 



