A CENTURY OF GEOLOGY IN INDIANA. 119 



the Constitution, and the first map of the cave ever published is given in con- 

 nection with the matter on Crawford County. The original draft of the map 

 was made by Rev. Horace C. Hovey from measurements made by himself 

 and other parties between 1857 and I860.* 



The counties comprising the coal area of the State are treated more m 

 detail than any of the others, many sections of the coal measures and brief 

 analyses of the coal being given Avhich were afterwards used in the Cox and 

 Ashley coal reports. The noted Indiana Block Coal of Clay and Parke Coun- 

 ties is mentionedfor the first time under the name of "Splint or Bog head coal," 

 and its analysis given. The only statement regarding its quality is that 

 "The coal is used and much liked by the. proprietors of the rolling mill at 

 Indianapolis." 



"Indian" and "Trinity" springs, well known resorts in Martin County, 

 are described for the first time, and a quantitative analysis of the water given. 



The first mention of the kaolinite of Lawrence and Martin Counties is 

 in the follo\\'ing words: "Near Indian Springs a remarkable white ]\Iag- 

 nesian mineral, which cuts readily with a knife, and resembles the meerschaum 

 used for pipes, deserves an accurate quantitative analj^sis." 



Under the heading "Counties of the Drift or Erratic Quaternarj^" 

 twenty counties lying north of the Wabash River are included. In the first 

 mention of the fresh water marl of the northern lakes and marshes (described 

 in detail by the present writer in the report for 1900) Owen says: "The 

 immense deposits of marl, sometimes replete with shells chiefly of the genera 

 Physa, Planorbis, Cyclas and Unio, sometimes a clay marl, particularly in 

 St. Joseph, LaPorte, Porter and Lake, are of great commercial and agricultural 

 value, as well as for bm-ning into lime, as for the fertilizing of the soil; but 

 more particularly for the manufacture of artificial stone and brick; provided 

 that enterprise, so sueeessfuUj' commenced, should extend itseK as it prom- 

 ises." These marls have in recent years been used extensively as the car- 

 bonate of lime ingredient of Portland cement. 



Emphasis is laid in several places upon the rich deposits of bog iron ore 

 in these northern counties, but so far as known to the present writer, the 

 only blast furnaces erected for their utilization were the ones then in opera- 

 tion at JMishawaka and Rochester, in which marl instead of limestone was 

 used as a fiu.x. These furnaces were long ago dismantled, cheap transporta- 

 tion by water of a higher grade of ore from northern Michigan preventing the 

 development of the Indiana ores. 



That Richard Owen was a poet-naturalist is shown by some of his de- 

 scriptions, especially the following of a well known prairie plant: "In this 

 boundless expanse, this ocean-like land, level sometimes as a floor, with 

 perhaps no path to guide the traveler and scarcely any two objects which by 

 comparison can enable him to estimate distances, nature has pro\ided for 

 the brave denizen of these American "Steppes" a diurnal polar star, a directive 



*Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. XXXI, 1S82. 



