A CENTURY OF GEOLOGY IN INDIANA. 131 



"In addition to the natural products of the State I prepared a pamphlet, 

 of which 8,000 copies were published in English and German, for distribution 

 along with the Geological, Agricultural and School Superintendent's Reports. 

 Col. W. R. Holloway also sent over a box of 'Hollo way's History of Indianap- 

 olis,' to be given to those who desired them. In the distribution of books 

 treating of the mineral, agricultural and educational advantages of this coun- 

 try, our State was unsurpassed, and it cannot fail in producing good results." 



"The coal and iron, especially the fine large cubes of block coal, were 

 examined with the greatest interest by the European iron masters, and was of 

 no less interest to the International jury who were appointed to examine into 

 the character and merits of all minerals on exhibition. This jury was made up 

 of distinguished geologists and mining engineers from different countries, 

 and after a careful examination of its merits made the State an award of a 

 medal." 



The first 70 pages of the report are devoted to an account of the exposi- 

 tion, in part written by Hugh Hartmann, who also has a second article on the 

 manufacture of Spiegeleisen. The remainder of the volume is devoted to the 

 geology of the counties whose maps were included as mentioned above. 

 Under Clark County, the ancient stone fortifications and mounds on the 

 Ohio River, three miles east of Charleston, are described in detail, as is also 

 the "old stone fort" at the mouth of Fourteen Mile Creek, and the "Bone 

 Bank" above mentioned. The latter was said to be 1,500 feet long, 80 feet 

 wide and 35 feet above low water. 



The report on Clark and Floyd Counties is well written, and was prepared 

 by W. W. Borden, an eccentric scientific character of southern Indiana, who 

 afterwards made a fortune in Western mining ventures and established a 

 large museum at Borden, Clark County. He gives the first detailed account 

 of the hydraulic limestone used for making natural rock cement, and states 

 that in 1873, 391,000 barrels were manufactured in Clark County. He also 

 describes in detail and gives analyses, of both the New Albany black shale and 

 the Knobstone, which have abundant outcrops in the counties which he 

 surveyed. He states that at one time a large factory was erected at New 

 Albany in which the black shale was ground, mixed with coal tar and spread 

 on felt for roofing, but experience showed that it would not stand exposure, 

 and the enterprise was soon abandoned. 



The surveys of Lawrence, Knox, Gibson and Warren Counties were made 

 by John CoUett. They give the detailed sections of many outcrops, and 

 numerous lists of fossils from the different formations. 



In a thin, laminated sandstone found beneath some black shale near the 

 base of the coal measures on Pine Creek, Warren County, CoUett discovered 

 what he called "reptilian tracks." One fragment of the stone showed four 

 tracks, each having five toes, while other slabs contained one or two tracks each. 

 Cox named the animal from the tracks alone, Colleiosaurus indianaensis. He 

 published a full page plate of the track and called them "fossil footprints 

 of an air-breathing reptile," yet states that "two pairs of tracks of hind and fore 



