A CENTURY OF GEOLOGY IN INDIANA. 133 



of the continent. Peaceful and law-abiding, they were skilled in agriculture 

 and the arts of the 'stone age,' and executed works that required the united 

 and persistent efforts of thousands, under the direction of a well matured 

 design. In the comparative absence of warlike implements, we conclude that 

 this work was a labor of love, and not of fear; that it was inaugurated and 

 directed by a Regal Priesthood, to erect votive temples in honor of the Sun, 

 a visible Creator of comfort, food and life." 



Following the work of CoUett, the volume contains also a brief paper by 

 Dr. Joseph Gardner on the Tripoli of Dubois County, in which he states that 

 tripoli has for its basis the "silicified skeletons of organic bodies," of which 

 he figures Ave, and also that the Dubois County material is made up almost 

 exclusively of the skeletons of sponges. 



The volume is ended with a "Report of Observations" made in seven 

 counties of northern Indiana by G. M. Levette. These refer mainly to the 

 streams, lakes, artificial mounds, bog iron ore, marl and peat deposits of 

 the region. Just now, when the high cost of living is the main problem of exis- 

 tence, and coal at times threatens to become as high priced as its sister diamond, 

 the following words, written by Levette are worthy of quotation: "" Immense 

 deposits of peat occur in the lower lands, along the marshes and over the 

 'bridged lakes.' A partly completed fill of the Baltimore, Pittsburg & Chicago 

 Railroad broke through the crust of a subterranean lake, a half mile west of 

 the town of Albion, and exposed a deposit of peat 18 feet in thickness. In 

 the dim, distant future when the wants of a dense population shall demand 

 the cultivation of every available foot of this fertile section of country and 

 fuel shall have become the costliest item of household economy, these deposits 

 of peat Avill be sources of wealth to the owners and objects of practical interest 

 to those who consider the success and well being of the community." 



Sixth Report of Cox. 



The work done by the Cox Survey, during the year 1874 was described 

 in his Sixth Report, issued in 1875. Scott and Jackson Counties were sur- 

 vej'^ed and mapped by Borden, Brown County by CoLlett and Jackson County 

 by Cox. In the introduction Cox says: "Previous to this year we have not 

 been able to find any fossils in the Black Shale except some small species 

 of Limjida and Discina which are so closely allied to Carboniferous species that 

 it was not considered prudent to rely upon them for the identification of the 

 age of the strata. During the year. 1874, however, Mr. Borden has had the 

 good fortune to find in the Black Shale at Lexington, Scott County, a large 

 number of well preserved fossils from which we can, with propriety, refer 

 the New Albany Black Shale to the Genesee, and the Goniatite shale, which 

 rests upon it, to the Kinderhook group of Illinois." 



The white kaolin of Lawrence, Owen and Martin Counties, though men- 

 tioned by Owen in 1862, was not recognized as a clay until 1874. Near 

 Huron, Lawrence County, the outcropping kaolin had long been known to 



