164 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIANA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. 



History for 1872, and contains a description of the remains of the "Fort 

 Azatlin" of Collett, a prehistoric fortification on the river bluff at Merom, 

 Sullivan County. It encloses five small mounds and 45 large circular de- 

 pressions or pits, varying in width from ten to thirty feet. These, says 

 Putnam, "were the houses of the inhabitants or defenders of the fort who were 

 probably further protected from the elements and the arrows of assailants by 

 a roof of logs and bark or boughs." Other interesting details of the fort are 

 given, as well as a diagram showing its outlines and the location of the 

 enclosed pits and mounds. 



In 1873 there was published in the Annual Report of the Smithsonian 

 Institution a paper on the "Antiquities of Knox County, Indiana and Law- 

 rence County, Illinois," by A. Patton, in which he describes excavations he 

 made in three large artificial mounds near Vincennes, Ind. He calls them 

 "three of the most beautiful mounds in the West," Sugar Loaf being 70 feet 

 high and 1,000 feet in circumference at base. Pyramid 43 feet high and 714 

 feet in circumference and North mound 36 feet in height and 847 feet in 

 circumference. Besides numerous skeletons and a few arrow heads, he found 

 many varieties of small shells," some of the specimens having no living 

 representatives in this locality or any climate as far north as this, which in- 

 dicates either that the mounds were constructed when the locality enjoyed a 

 warmer climate than now, or that the shells were brought from the south. 

 From the numerous small mounds in the vicinity he concludes that "The 

 beautiful little valley in which Vincennes now stands was doubtless once the 

 site of a great city occupied by the mound l)uilders, and t lunr villages and farmt. 

 were scattered over the country as ours at present." 



The Smithsonian Reports of ISSl and lrS82 also contain papers on the 

 mounds and earthworks of Vandcrlnirgli aTid Franklin Counties by S. Floyd 

 and (J. W. Homsher. 



Dr. T. W. Chamberlain, the well known head of the Department of Geol- 

 ogy in Chicago University, published, between 1881 and 1884, several note- 

 worthy papers in the Annual Reports of the Director of the U. S. Geological 

 Survey and in the American Journal of Science, in parts of which he gave the 

 results of studies he had made on the moraines and other drift deposits of 

 Indiana. In the principal one of these papers, entitled "The Terminal 

 Moraine of the Second Glacial Epoch," he describes in detail two moraines 

 which are prominent in IndiaTia. The first one he calls th(! Moraine of the 

 Lake Michigan Glacier, 200 miles in length and 90 to 150 miles in width, 

 shaped like an immense U, embracing the great lake between its arms, the 

 southern extremity of the U crossing Lake, Porter and LaPorte Counties, 

 Indiana. The second he termed the Moraine of the Maumee Glacier whose 

 southern boundary crosses the State through Parke, Montgomery, Putnam, 

 Morgan, Bartholomew and Fayette Counties. In describing the latter he 

 recognizes Collett's "Glacial River," mentioned in the second report of Col- 

 lett. stating that it "was one of the great avenues of discharge from the ice 



