A CENTURY OF GEOLOGY IN INDIANA. 169 



of OMo, and A. J. Phiiiney, a practicing physician and amateur geologist of 

 Indiana." 



Dr. Phinney's paper of 126 quarto pages was accompanied by a colored 

 geologic map of the State on a scale of 20 miles to the inch, showing the 

 outlines of the principal formations and the area of the then known gas 

 field, and also by a Hypsographic map on the same scale showing the ap- 

 proximate distance above or below sea level of the Trenton rock or gas pro- 

 ducing rock in all parts of the State. He treats his subject under the follow- 

 ing chapter headings: "History of the Investigation;" "Geologic Structure 

 of Indiana;" "Conditions of Gas Accumulations;" "Gas Pressure and 

 Measurement;" "The Gas Field and the Borings within it;" "Record of 

 Borings outside the Gas Field," and "The Care of Gas Wells." 



Under the head of Geologic Structure he showed the fallacy of Gorby 

 and Thompson's supposed "Wabash Arch," stating that the "phenomena 

 whiah have given rise to the hypothesis of its existence are to be attributed 

 to the building up of covkl reefs and rocky prominences or to inequalities in 

 the sea bottom," and that, "in view of the supposed bearing of this hypo- 

 thetic arch upon the gas supplj^ of northern Indiana, it seems well to emphasize 

 the fact that the supposed axis of upheaval is at its nearest point ten miles 

 distant from the most northerly point where gas has been found in paying 

 quantities." 



In 1896 Frank Leverett published in the Seventeenth Annual Report of 

 the Director of the U. S. Geological Survey an extended paper, accompanied 

 by six colored, double page maps, entitled "The Water Resources of Illinois, 

 in which he gives considerable data relating to western Indiana, especially 

 that portion drained by the Kankakee and Wabash Rivers and their main 

 tributaries. He calls the first map a "Topographic Map of Illinois a,nd West- 

 ern India'na," the contour lines shown on the Illinois portion being omitted 

 from the Indiana side for obvious reasons. He includes also a "Map of the 

 Pleistocene Deposits" covering the same territory on which is shown the 

 area covered by each of the more important divisions of such deposits as 

 "glacial ridges," 'till plains," "loess covered till," etc. The drainage area of 

 the Kankakee River is given as 5,302 square miles, of which 3,207 are in 

 Indiana. The river itself is "remarkably regular in its flow, because of the 

 great marsh along the first 90 miles of its course through which it flows and 

 which acts as a storage reservoir and constant feeder for the lower course." 

 A third map shows the "Geologic formations of Illinois and Western In- 

 diana," the Indiana portion being based upon "Phinney's map" of 1890, 

 while a fourth map he designates as a "Hypsographic Map of the St. Peter 

 Sandstone showing the distribution of Artesian Wells and Deep Borings," 

 the data regarding the Indiana wells shown being given in an accompanying 

 table. 



In 1897, Leverett published a similar paper entitled "The Water Resources 

 of Ohio and Indiana,"* that portion devoted to the latter State being the most 



*28th Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol. Survey, 1897, pp. 419-559. 



