174 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIANA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. 



during the sixteen years of the writer's service as Director it is more meet 

 that others shoukl give testimony, therefore only a few facts regarding its 

 nature Avill be mentioned. Its results were published in sixteen annual re- 

 ports and one bulletin, aggregating 15,039 octavo pages of text, 557 plates 

 and 44 folded maps included in the volumes, 38 of the maps being colored. 

 In addition there was issued separately a colored sectional geological map 

 of the State, five feet, nine inches by three feet, eight inches in size, on a scale 

 of four miles to the inch, and also a colored wall chart of the Indiana coal 

 fields, 3x4 feet in size on a scale of four miles to the inch. 



The first sentence of the first report issued by the wi'iter sets forth his 

 views of what the founders of the Department of Geology had in mind when 

 by law they created the Department. That sentence is as follows: "The 

 Department of Geology Avas primarily instituted to determine the location 

 and extent of those natural resources of the State which are of economic 

 importance, and to make known to the world at large the leading facts con- 

 cerning their accessibility and value for commercial, agricultural or manu- 

 facturing purposes." The sentence as A\Titten and quoted embodies the 

 economic or most important duties which he deemed it imperative to perform. 

 The next sentence brought out the scientific phase and was as follows: "A 

 secondary duty which falls to the Department is the gathering and disseminat- 

 ing of accurate knoAvledge concerning the origin or formation of such re- 

 sources and the publishing of descriptions of such fossils and objects of natural 

 history as are found to accompany them or are of general scientific interest." 

 These two sentences are all that Avnll be quoted from the sixteen annual re- 

 ports which M^ere issued between 1895 and 1911. 



To fulfill in the best manner possible, with the limited means at command, 

 the duties as set forth in these two sentences, made necessary the abandon- 

 nu'iil in great part of the old county survey system and the adopting of that 

 of taking up eacli resource separateh' and issuing a monograph or detailed 

 report on its distribution, economic value, etc. Following this plan, the 

 results of studies of the clays and sandstones of the coal measure formation 

 were i)ul)lished in the 1895 report, those of the petroleum fields in 1896, 1903, 

 1906 and 1910; the oolitic limestone in 1896, with a revision in 1907; the coal 

 deposits in 1898, with a supplemental report in 1908; the Niagara limestones 

 in 1896, 1897 and 1899; the marls of northern Indiana and other materials 

 for making Portland cement and the hydraulic cement rocks in 1900; the 

 mineral waters and the Knobstone shales in 1901; the Lower Carboniferous 

 limestones in 1902; the lime industry in 1903; the clays and shales of the 

 entire State in 1904; the roads and road materials in 1905; the peat and iron 

 ore deposits in 190(); Ihe soils in 1907, 1908 and 1909 and the water powers in 

 1910. The years mentioned are those of the report in which the paper is 

 published. In a numl)er of instances, as in that of the papers on coal and 

 road materials, the results of two or three years' work done by a number of 

 assistants, are incorporated in a single monograph. During the soil survey, 

 begun in 1907 and continued in 1908 and 1909, the soils of 32 counties in 



