92 
of, sustaining) another voyage without 
_renewal,;, But the flat part: of the :bot- 
tom.of this ship from end to end, and from 
siwcto eight feet in breadth, was covered 
swith “fleshy barnacles’’ of wncommon 
length, and a few of the large hard shell 
“species—balanus tintinabulum. 
Now ‘it is worthy of remark, that 
the Carne Brea Castle, before-mentioned, 
was protected by iron bars amounting 
only to about +35 of the area of the cop- 
per; while the Dorothy had about one- 
seventieth of .iron; and as the bottom 
of the former ship was found to be per- 
fectly clean, while the latter (though 
scarcely corroded by the action of sea- 
water) was covered with marine animal- 
cule, after making voyages of nearly 
similar duration, to the same quarter of 
the globe,—it is fair to conclude that 
the Dorothy was over-protected, or, 
in other words, the electro-chemical 
agency was so far neutralized, as 
to enable these parasitical animals to 
‘attach themselves with impunity to the 
copper, and build up their calcareous 
shélls; or houses, with as much: safety 
“as on the rocks of the sea-shore.. On 
the other hand, if there be still allowed 
a small degree of chemical action to 
take place between the copper and sea- 
‘water, so as to produce a very slight 
poisonous’ oxidation on the surface, 
though not sufficient to. corrode the 
copper in any serious degree, it seems 
to be fully sufficient to prevent. the at- 
tachment © of these minute animals. 
‘From the instances above-mentioned 
(and which deserve the fullest confi- 
dence from the respectable authorities 
in question), it appears that the protect- 
ing bars of iron should not form more 
than about 1°100 of the ship’s sheath- 
ing, otherwise it will be liable to facili- 
“tate ‘the deposit of fungi and animal- 
culz; and on the other -hand, if the 
iron forms ‘much less than 1150, it is 
‘scarcely sufficient to protect the surface 
‘of the copper from corrosion. 
. |Itis possible, however, that the exact 
proportions, which would be most effi- 
cient ;under all. circumstances, «can 
only be determined by future and re- 
peated observation, by intelligent ship- 
‘owners and commanders, after each 
voyage. For it may be justly inferred, 
that: different proportions of; protection 
-would be advisable, whether.a ship be 
destined to the north seas, or to the 
“tropical seas, where the chemical action- 
“between: copper, and sea-water, as_well 
“jas the production of marine animal and 
Press of Constantinople. 
[Aug 1, 
vegetable life, is so» greatly accelerated 
by climate. “A considerable period may 
therefore elapse before the subjectsshall 
be thoroughly: understood )and, adopted 
by -practical,mens but; ifthat be the 
case, it cannot preventrthe! researches 
of the illustrious chemist‘at the head of 
the Royal Society, from being considered 
as among the most valuable discoveries 
of science, applicable to the useful: arts, 
which»the present age can boast.: A.A. 
——< 
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
Sir: 
T is perhaps not generally known, 
that, among the very few of the arts 
of civilization adopted by: the Turks, 
since their establishment in’ Europe, is 
the art of printing. It: was ‘introduced 
into their capital. between’ the years 
1726 and °1727; and the first: works 
that issued from the government press 
of Constantinople were, A: History of 
the Maritime Wars of the Ottomans, by 
Hadji Khalfa, and:the well-known Ara- 
bo-Turkish Dictionary, by! Vancouli ; 
both published in/ 114] of the Hejira, 
or 1728, A.C. Four other works were 
published in the following year; two in 
‘1730; two in 1731; one in 1732; one 
in 1733; one in 1734; two. in’1740; 
one in 1741 ; one in 1742, and‘one in 
1755-56—in all eighteen works, form- 
ing twenty-five volumes, for the ‘most 
part treating on history and philology, 
and translated, or compiled from’ the 
Arabic, French, or Latin; ‘the latter, of 
course, by Europeans. Feeble, how- 
ever, as were these first effortsof an 
infant press ‘to spread» information 
among. a barbarous race, they were put 
a stop to: about this period; not, as 
was then generally reported*in Enrope, 
in consequence ofa revolt of the’topy- 
ists ‘of the ‘capital;'but owing ‘to’ the. 
death of the director of the establish- 
ment, > Ibrahim, and of his pupil; Cazi 
Ibrahim, and the events of the war, 
among which it was lost sight of. .., 
However, the:noble art was neglected 
for the space.of forty-three. years,till it 
was established: by an ordinance: of*the 
Sultan Abdul-Hamed. ‘A’ commission 
was appointed, «in: the year’ 1783$!and 
under their management, ‘and that °of 
their successors, no. more than’ fifty 
works were published in: the ‘space of 
thirty-six, years, ,viz., from. 1784. to 
1820.. Of these, twenty-one aresgnam- 
Mars, dictionaries, nand:.otheg<philelo- 
gical 
