Biiaub ia mols ip « 
sutrowndingstherarynx, ‘hereafter to be 
partictdarl ysdescribed.*: yeh dren 
awDonn,') Wuisperinc; anp » Open 
Srzzcu.—For the formation of an ele- 
ment: of speech,} there/is still requisite 
wfurther-action of another distinct class 
of\organs, (tobe treated of at large in 
the present lecture, under the title of 
Enunciative Organs): that is.to say, for 
the vowel, a ‘certain modification’ of 
aperture: or cavity, or both, by varied 
position of the mdveable and flexible 
parts of the mouth; and for the liquid, 
or-any other consonant, a specific mo- 
dification of contact: (with vibration for 
‘the liquids: and: semi-liquids, and with- 
out vibration for the mutes), of some 
two; orsome pair :(a distinction which 
will) hereafter ‘appear not to be futile) 
efi such’ organs’ of enunciation. _ The 
specific action of the respiratory organs, 
in concert with thatof the larynx, will 
produce: vocal sound, which, by co- 
operation of the cartilages that sur- 
round the larynx, and, without-enun- 
clative action, may be measured and 
modified into the intervals of that spe- 
cies of tune which belongs to song, or 
into those slides, or accentual inflections, 
which constitute the tune of ‘speech: 
so: that:the tune of speech may be pro- 
duced; without enunciation, or verbal 
or syllabic utterance, as completely as 
the tune. of song without the enuncia- 
tion of accompanying words. The spe- 
cific action of the same respiratory or- 
gans, together with that of the sur- 
rounding; cartilage, will give (unassisted 
bythe tuning power of the larynx— 
that is, without vocal action) the bases 
of whispered syllables. Co-add to 
these the proper actions and positions 
of the enunciative organs of the mouth 
(which, separately, can produce no 
audible effect whatever), and you have 
audible whispering. Superadd, in con- 
sentaneous action with all the rest, the 
tunable murmurs of the larynx, and 
you have the complete utterance either 
of speech or song, according as your 
‘discretion shall measure out that tune 
by \obvious intervals, or by such rapid 
/-* Tn the lectures, these and the ensu- 
“ing propositions were all- successively de- 
monstrated to the eye and to ‘the ear:* an 
advantage: which cannot: be preserved ‘in 
~the!transeript: a yp crane 
«oy teUt must, never be lost sight of. by.the 
skeader, who shall expeet.any practical in- 
struction frem~ these: discourses, that by 
Lelement is, universally..intended the sound, 
not thexame, of the letter. 
pp Lhe Anatomy of Speech. 
({Aug. 1, 
and-minute;transitions,as have,the effect 
Ofsslidesia hie CL RE a Cnet 
,\CompiicaTED-- VisrnaTtion;,—-Phus, 
then, it\-appears, from, what has, been 
here. said, together, with what hasbeen 
insisted upon in the former lectures, 
that the. original sounds of the voice, 
or sonorous vibrations of. the larynx, 
are varied and modified by several cir- 
cumstances’ of organic. co-operation); 
either constantaneous with the impulses 
of the primary organ, or'so immediately 
successive as to produce, apparently, a 
constantaneous or homogeneous effect. 
These modifymg circumstances are, 
in the first place, the responses, or 
sympathetic vibrations of the secondary 
organs, already described, -the different 
portions of which -are brought into 
unison with the larynx; and, in the 
second place, the co-operation, or su- 
peraddition of certain more minute and 
specific impulses, originating in the po- 
sitions and actions of certain portions 
of the mouth, and which, also, diffusing 
themselves in immediate or apparent 
combination with the impulses of tone 
and tune, constitute the specific phe- 
nomena of human speech, 
Voice alone, therefore, is not speech; 
nor are the vocal organs; alone, com- 
petent to the purposes of speech, For 
these are possessed, in considerable per- 
fection, by the songster of the grove ; 
and, to a certain degree at. least, by all 
the more perfect animals: thut is to 
say, by all those: which, having*warm 
blood, are accommodated with the con- 
sequent apparatus of lungs, for the're- 
vivification of that blood. 
There is, in this respect, a geveral 
confusion of language which is cxceed- 
ingly inconvenient. Thus one of the 
translators of Aristotle’s Poetics in- 
forms us, that “* Suidas relates that 
Aristotle had a lisping voice’ ?? “and 
Shakspeare makes Lady Percy: ’say, 
speaking of the defect of Hotsptt’s 
enunciation, that “ speaking ~ thick, 
which nature meant a blemish, becatie 
the accents of the valiant.” 
The error, however (as, in parallel 
instances, is frequently the case) is’ nét 
merely in the language’; it isa radical 
mistake of the mind, not sufficiently 
discriminating the objects of its investi- 
gation. Thus Dr. Itard (who oughit’'to 
have been sufficiently aware: of the dis- 
tincion between voice and enunciation), 
in his-interesting account. of the Savage 
of Ayeyron, informs. us (p. 42) that 
he expressed. -his_ melancholy. feelings 
* by. feeble: and -plaintive sommelier 
j ively 
