108 
perfect combustion of the gas, without 
any waste; while the extra volume of 
flame will, “of course, throw out more 
luminous particles than a smaller vo- 
hime of equal” intensity or brilliancy. 
"AMlareé or long gas flame is therefore 
devidedly more advantageous, as well 
asmore ‘economical, for equal expen- 
‘ditures of gas, than a small or short gas 
flame. 
These observations are limited to the 
height of the flame solely. : 
With regard to the diameter of the 
apertures of coal-gas burners, Drs. C. 
and T. consider apertures from 28th to 
30th of an inch as the most economical ; 
which nearly corresponds with all other 
experiments. But they think the dia- 
meter of oil-gas apertures should not 
be less than one-fifticth instead of one- 
sixtieth of an inch, as commonly made 
by the oil-gas companies. 
The height of the flame is of equal 
importance, in order to produce the 
greatest degree of light from a given 
quantity of oil, as well as coal gas; 
only, the maximum effect in an oil-gas 
burner, whether single or compound, 
is obtained when the flame does not ex- 
ceed four inches in height. 
Now, if these experiments may be 
relied on (and of which I see no reason 
to entertain the smallest doubt), the 
waste of gas, or loss of light, is even 
greater, according to the blundering 
arrangements adopted by the oil-gas 
companies, than in burning coal-gas. 
Instead of adhering to the fallacious 
idea, therefore, that a short flame will 
produce economy of the gas, it cannot: 
admit of a doubt, that if our street 
lamps were allowed an extension of the 
flame, either by means of fresh burners, 
or giving a greater pressure on the gas- 
works or reservoirs, that both the gas 
companies and the public also would be 
benefited by the arrangement. A. 
i 
For the Monthly Magazine. 
Prirstty GoveERNMENT ! 
wrt priests may do for our 
accommodation in the other 
world, we shall know, when from that 
bourne any traveller returns to inform 
us. What they would do for us in this 
world, if entrusted with the government 
of it, we have some proof. The domi- 
nions of his Holiness the Pope, under 
the priestly hierarchy of the Vatican, 
are the most demoralized and the worst 
governed in the universe. 
example :— 
Priestly Government ! 
Take an- 
(Sept. 1, 
“‘Leo XII. (we are informed) has insti- 
tuted an asylum for assassins in Ostia and 
three other unhealthy towns. The Papal 
Hdict states, that it is for the purpose of 
yepeopling these places. Every assassin 
wholties for ‘refuge to one of these towns, 
which are about ten leagues from the spot 
where the greatest number of travellers 
are murdered, is to be free from further 
pursuit.” 
Comfortable this for English curiosity- 
hunters, who are the principal travellers 
on those dangerous roads! Plunder 
and murder us when they will, the 
Roman banditti have but to take their 
choice for.a ten-league run in four dif- 
ferent directions, and they are white- 
washed from all sin—or, what may be 
equally consolatory, they are exempt 
from all punishment ! { 
But what a picture of civil institution 
and polity? Towns are depopulated by 
filth and wretched misgovernance; and 
the “ God-King”—(for this is among 
the titles with which we find him some- 
times adorned)—the “‘ God-King,” and 
his senate of cardinals, can find no other 
way of replenishing them, but. by ren- 
dering them the sanctuaries of assassi- 
nation. How grateful the people of 
Italy, and all who travel in Italy, ought 
to be to Protestant Great Britain for 
rescuing the country from the Imperial 
tyranny of Napoleon, and restoring the 
legitimate theocracy ! 
Let us not mistake, however. It is 
neither Pope nor Popery that consti- 
tutes the evil: it is priest and priest _ 
government. Whatever be the :creed 
professed, the functions and habitudes 
of the sacerdotal office necessarily dis- 
qualify men for the due exercise of 
political and civil power. Jack Presbyter 
would not manage the matter much bet- 
ter. Religion may meliorate the moral 
character; and I know of no religion 
whose precepts have not, more or less, 
such tendency: —but priestcraft and 
religion are different matters; and poli- 
tical priestcraft is the most irreligious 
demoralizer that the arch-enemy ever 
employed for the enthralment and degra-~ 
dation of mankind. It is tyranny with- 
out order; submission without peace ; 
the bondage of civil institution without 
its protection. It enslayes the »under-, 
standing, and lets loose the malignant, 
passions ; engenders crime, by the igno- 
rance it encourages, and. the misery its: 
wretched policy diffuses; and then epens 
a shop for the atonement of crime;jand) . 
a sanctuary for assassination. Andithis 
is what is called Tueocracy!,.. 
Mathematical . 
