1825.]. 
ous forms would incessantly rise before the 
perturbed soul, and whirl, in maddening 
groups of ten thousand strange and frightful 
combinations, till all became dark and hor- 
rible, and the welcome sleep of death fell 
happily upon the benighted sufferer. " Why 
(he asks) ‘should we refuse to believe that 
God hath’ given a’ preventive check to such 
esibbiietis tate? Send why should we object 
to allow that this preventive check is the 
power of volition ?” 
There, surely, can be no objection 
for:itas evident, that, without the dis- 
ctiminating influence of volition, man 
would, indeed, be a miserable, deranged 
and brutish animal. 
But the grand attraction, in the state 
of man, is the hope—the certainty, of a 
future life. 
“‘ Without a future state,’? observes an 
ingenious moralist, “it would be utterly 
impossible for man to explain the difficulties 
of this. Possessing earth, but destined for 
heaven, he forms the link between two 
orders of beings, and partakes much of the 
grossness Of the one, and somewhat of the 
refinement of the other.” —Lacon, p. 258. 
But, notwithstanding these noble and 
imposing qualities, man, without the 
paternal protection of his Creator, is a 
frail and helpless being, Truly, indeed, 
has the poet pourtrayed him in the fol- 
lowing emphatic passage, conceived and 
embodied in the full career of poetic 
inspiration :— 
** How poor, how rich—how abject, how august— 
How complicate, how wonderful is man! 
How passing wonder HE who made him such !— 
_ Who centred in our make such strange extremes, 
From different natures marvellously mix’d! 
- Connexion exquisite of different worlds ! 
' - Distinguish’d link in being’s endless chain! 
’ Midway from nothing to the Deity! 
A beam etherial, sullied and absorb’d ! 
‘Tho’ sullied and dishonour’d, still divine ! 
_ Dim miniature of greatness absolute ! 
An heir of glory !—a frail child of dust ! 
* Helpless immortal !—insect infinite ! 
A worm !—a god !———” 
Abe not, however, to be understood, 
that all orders of the human species 
naturally possess the same qualities in 
an equal degree. There is an obvious 
tion, even in the human race— 
rom the polished and perfect European, 
to the wild untutored African; and 
this gradation—however humiliating it 
may, ‘at first sight, appear—becomes 
more particularly conspicuous by careful 
would. lead to\such a, preponderance of the 
trains of thought—and actions connected 
be Adan that sense, as would 
o » insanity,'' Parry's. Elements of 
Pathology and Therapeutics; p..277, § 648, 
Gradation of Universal Being. 
YLL 
anatomical investigation. Taking the 
European, then, as the climax of perfec- 
tion in man, and. the: ape. tribe) ag, the 
highest order of. the..brute, species, we 
shall find that. the savage of Africa.ap-. 
proaches nearer to the latter, in most of 
his outward mechanism, The arms of 
the negro are longer, in proportion, than 
those of the native of Europe; his feet 
are also flatter, and otherwise different 
in length, breadth and shape, The fore 
and back parts of the head are con- 
siderably narrower in the black than 
in the white man; the cavity of the 
scull is more cireumscribed; and the 
fore parts, or symphyses, of the upper 
and lower jaws are considerably more 
prominent. The front teeth are larger, 
placed more obliquely in their sockets, 
and project more at their points. The 
orbits are more capacious, and the bones 
of the leg and thigh more bowed, or 
convex. In all these particulars the 
African differs widely from the Euro- 
pean, and very closely resembles the. 
ape. 
P The form of the chin of the negro 
has been adduced as a strong proof of 
his approximation—as far. as external 
shape is concerned—to the Simiz tribe, 
“‘T wish it to be particularly understood,” 
writes an. acute, but somewhat speculative 
physiologist, “that I consider the chin of 
the’negro as deserving particular attention. 
This part has either not been properly 
characterized, or the account has not been 
correctly comprehended. It is said by 
some, that the chin of the negro projects ; 
the reverse, however, is the fact: for, be- 
side that the distance of the fore-teeth from 
the bottom of the chin is less than in the 
European, the lower part of the chin, in- 
stead of projecting, recedes or falls back, as 
in the ape.”— White, On Gradation in Man. 
But the best and most. satisfactory 
criterion of the approximation of the 
human to the brute species, is. the for- 
mation and magnitude of the brain, 
which is the grand and-primary-organ of 
sense, and that with which the mind, is 
supposed to be most immediately and 
intimately connected, 
“The cavity of the skull,” writes the 
author just quoted, “is less capacious in 
the African than in the European, and still 
less in the brute species, All the natives 
of Africa, and the inhabitants of the South- 
ern Islands, have either very narrow sculls, 
or a flat receding fore and hind head.” 
The brain is larger in man than in 
any other animal, and, of all men, the 
European has the largest ;.,an ARMY 
be 
