f 276 4} 
OBITUARY OF THE MONTH. 
[Oct-1,! 
I THE EARL OF CARLISLE. 
HIS nobleman was, we. believe, the 
‘oldest member of the House of Lords 
(though not the oldest man), having taken 
his seat immediately on coming of age, and 
having thus occupied it for tifty-seven years. 
Though his Lordship never attained any 
great distinction as a politician, a legislator, 
an author, or a man of talent, he was not 
deficient in abilities or knowledge of a certain 
kind. He possessed « considerable portion 
of literary taste, and displayed that acquain- 
tance with the fine arts, as wellas that libe- 
ralityin encouraging them, which add dignity 
to rank, and make wealth and high station 
at once usefuland respectable. Along with 
the Duke of Bridgewater, he purchased 
the Orleans Gallery; and probably died 
possessed of one of the best collections of 
paintings in the kingdom. As a politician, 
e will be remembered only for being one 
of the Commissioners for negociating the 
peace with America, and the steady sup- 
porter of Mr. Fox’s party. Asa connois- 
seur, he was honoured with the abuse of 
Peter Pindar, and at his poetical reputation 
(for he likewise wrote verses) his relation 
Lord Byron directed a fearful blow. His 
Lordship is succeeded in his title by his 
son, Lord Morpeth, who long occupied a 
seat in the House of Commons as member 
for Cumberland, and held office with the 
Whigs in 1806. F 
: EL EMPECINADO, 
D. Juan Martin was the real name of 
this illistrious patriot and martyr, who 
has just been sacrificed by the ungrateful 
Ferdinand and the theocratical faction that 
Yords it over Spain. We was born in a vil- 
lage of the province of Valladolid, in Old 
Castile, where his parents enjoyed a small 
property. Their limited means, and the 
general néglect of all education in Spain, 
except for the church, forbade him the 
advantages ‘of ‘education; but he had a 
strong mind, retentive memory, clear intel- 
Yect, and a noble and generous disposition. 
From his childhood he was enterprizing 
-and industrious. His early oecupation was 
the sale of chafcoal, which he conveyed on 
his own mules to the neighbouring towns’; 
which ‘gave him that complete knowledge 
of ‘the roads afterwards so serviceable, as 
well as his nick-name, El Empecinado. 
He was about thirty when Buonaparte in- 
‘waded the Peninsula, in 1808, and in the 
satne year, having joiried a-small ‘band of 
is countrymen, who elected him their 
chief, he took a French detachment, and 
§mmediately afterwards formed one of those 
guerilla parties which became the scourge 
of the invaders. ‘General Cuesta, seeing 
his zeal, integrity, and activity, gave him 
a commission of commander of cavalry, 
‘and he continued harassing the French on 
‘the banks of the Duero. Some time after- 
wards, crossing the mountains of Semo- 
Sierra, he made the province of Guadala- 
jara the theatre of his exploits, carrying 
terror to the very gates of Madrid. His 
rencontres with the French troops, the con- 
voys he intercepted, and the injuries he 
caused to the enemy, were innumerable. 
His great celebrity led many good Spaniards 
to distinguish themselves by the name of 
Empecinado, as a title of glory to those 
engaged in the cause of independence. Be- 
tween the province of Guadalajara and the 
mountains of Cuenca, he organized a bril- 
liant division, with which he entered Ma- 
drid, in 1812, after the battle of Salamanca. 
The enthusiasm of the citizens was sach, 
that he could not jeave his house withent 
being accompanied by an immense con- 
course, rending the air with their applauses. 
In 1814 he held the rank of general, as a 
reward for his services during six years of 
constant warfare and fatigue. In 1815 he 
was in great favour at court, but his ele- 
vated soul could not stoop to practise the 
arts of duplicity or flattery. He observed 
that Ferdinand’s conduct was opposed to 
the interests of the nation, and plunging it 
into calamities; and had the courage to 
deliver to the king, in person, an ener- 
getic remonstrance. The tyrant took and 
read it, and with a jesuitical sneer said to 
him—“ Well, although this may be true, 
thou art not able to pen’ such a paper as 
this, and I wish thee to tell me who gaye 
it thee?” Empecinado, pointing to the 
paper, replied, “ My sentiments are ex- 
pressed there, and I have too much honour 
to be wanting to the confidence reposed in 
me.” This spirited reply lost him the 
royal favour, and he was banished to Val- 
Jadolid ; where he was universally beloved 
and respected. Here he devoted his atten- 
‘tion to the cultivation of a farm, on which 
he intended to spend the remainder of his 
days. The events of 1820 prompted the 
patriots of Castile to call him from his ‘soli- 
tude ; and in a few days an army was en- 
listed in the cause of freedom, to co-cpe- 
rate with that advancing from Andalusia : 
but the Castilian patriots had not time to 
commence their operations, before the king 
acceded to the constitution. The new 
Government confided to El Empecinado 
the temporary command of Valladolid, and 
afterwards that of Zamora, which trusts he 
discharged with fidelity and enthusiasm. 
In 182], the noted curate Merino having 
taken up arms, the Government confi- 
ded to. E] Empecinago the command of 
the troops destined to act against him. 
Merino had commanded ‘a guerilla party 
during the war of independence, ‘and was 
dreaded on account of his cruelty. He was © 
particularly well acquainted with ‘the whole 
range of the mountains:of ‘Soria, where he 
raised his new standard, supported by ‘the 
clergy 
