548 
the place where the bul, to the shape 
of the- work, to tek di a Lind of 
materials ‘they find, &c,,—all these ap- 
parently require reason to adopt their 
mheans to circumstances, and that rea- 
son innate, ‘since they seem to act 
without, experience. A human work- 
man, with good tools, with the best ma- 
terials, with the accumulated knowledge 
of ages, and assisted by the apprentice- 
ship of a whole life, would fail in ac- 
complishing such works, There seems 
to be a great difference in the sense of 
different animals. Of this, spiders fur- 
nish an example in the extreme anima- 
tion they shew when they take their 
prey; when they fight, or when they 
shake their webs to frighten an invader, 
It is well known also, that in autumn 
they have preserves of living animals, 
which in summer, instead of bagging 
in this manner, they kill and instantly 
dispose of. All this shews the strength 
of their intellect, though joined to a 
ferocious disposition. 
Besides this, and the example of what 
animals, such as birds, bees, ants, bea- 
yers, &c. perform, it is well known that 
they can receive instruction from man. 
Birds learn to sing real music according 
to our own scales, correctly, with good 
intonation, good, emphasis and good 
time. . They learn also in some degree 
to talk, and obviously, in some particu- 
‘Jar instances, to understand what they 
say. Monkeys and dogs acquire the 
art of dancing ; horses have been taught 
the art of writing, and making figures 
in the sand with their feet; and dogs 
and pigs have apparently performed 
ithmetical calculations. It matters 
little whether theseare really calculated, 
or .are. the result. of signs from the 
master; since an almost equal sagacity 
isin the latter case required, What a 
nice observation, and what a retentive 
themory must a dog possess, who finds 
‘his: way home for many miles, the first 
time of going to a place; which does 
“not appear to result from scent, since 
RECOVERY OF SMALL DEBTS. 
Tux proposed bill appears to us to be well 
drawn, and capable of attaining its intended 
object$; but as suggestions are invited, it 
is possible that the bill may yet be inyprov- 
ed. That the object proposed is no trifling 
one, may be at once understood, when 
Recovery of Small Debts. 
dogs who cannot follow their game for 
a mile by scent, can also, under'similar: 
circumstances, find’ ‘their back. 
Eyen cats which have be taken’ 
a ie Fy PEC 9H AIS “IH ale 
great way in a bag have done tl e same. 
The difference between, the’ reason, of 
man and .animals.seems to,.consist, In 
this, that in the first; it; is... progressive 
and imperfect; in the Jatter limitedand 
fixed. Man; considered: :by> himself, 
unassisted by his gregarious:disposition; 
his capacity of manufacturing’ by the 
aid of his hands, and of explaining*and 
retaining his ideas and those of his pre- 
decessors by the signs of oral or written 
language, would be. the, weakest of 
creatures, and, notwithstanding. his 
boasted dominion, would) be, inferior to 
animals which now. obey his. rule.in 
most qualifications, physical.and moral. 
But the reason ‘of man is improveable 
and progressive : that of animalsmever 
improves, and, though perfect} is limited 
The superiority of one age over the 
preceding, and the rapid ‘inventions 
made of late years in ‘every branch Of 
science and art, shew,that his condition 
is still in its infancy, and his origin still 
recent. Geological. researches corro- 
borate this inference ; since, among the 
difterent strata of the earth which have 
been examined, unequivocal signs ap- 
pear of different and successive’ races 
of animals, but no human bones.» It 
seems reasonable to infer that the state 
of man, as a moral and intellectual 
being, is intended to rise much higher, 
but not. in his present form; since, if 
the organized mind or soul, employing 
matter as its instrument, were conti- 
nually adding to the stock’of.its ideas, 
it would become overcharged; - their 
number would efface each other,<and 
obstruct their mutual action: ‘On the 
other hand, as the individual-inat<is 
constantly acquiring ideas’ till death, 
his acquisition would, be useless and 
thrown away, if, they did ‘not recéive 
their full development and employment 
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for most of these actions are undefended. 
ArADs 
