268 TRANSACTIONS OF ROYAL SCOTTISH ARBORICCLTURAL SOCIETY, 



tain?, especially the valley of Chamouni ; and the landslips in 

 that same valley, and especially that which overwhelmed the 

 baths of St Gervais in the night of 11th July 1892, are described 

 in a long and admirably illustrated paper by M. Kuss. The 

 torrent of Rieulet, in the Pyrenees, is fully described by 

 M. Dellon; and the methods of settlement employed at Pellafol, 

 in the Isere, by M. Bernard. The best kinds of herbs and trees 

 to use in the works are fully treated in an interesting paper by 

 M. Bauby. Messrs Campardon and Buisson discuss the systems 

 of improved pasturage ; M. Campagne the works necessary to 

 protect forest and uncultivated lands against avalanches; and 

 M. Calas the recommendation of the extension of the use of 

 Salzmann's variety of the Pinus Laricio, which has been found 

 valuable in " reboisement" plantations. The same author has a 

 monograph of the processional caterpillar of the moth Cnetho- 

 carrvpa pityocampa, with suggestions for the best system of 

 counteracting its ravages. 



Among other subjects on which important papers were printed 

 and distributed, may be especially noted M. Lafond's work on 

 the sand-dune plantations on the coast of the Bay of Biscay; 

 M. Delassasseigne's very interesting paper on fire-protection ; 

 and M. Arnould's work on international measures necessary for 

 the protection of useful birds. 



In the Russian Section, the most noticeable exhibit was the 

 fine series of sections of trees. As is well known, the forest flora 

 of Northern Russia is a very poor one, the chief forest trees 

 being the spruce and Scots pine, but in Siberia and the Caucasus 

 there are many other species, and the value of their timber is 

 well illustrated by the sections. Canada and Roumania have 

 also fine series of wood sections, whose preparation must have 

 been a difficult work. The Austrian and Hungarian sections 

 have no very special exhibits, but they have represented almost 

 every branch of forestry, and more especially those branches 

 which belong to forestry in its scientific side ; working-plans, 

 experimental stations, researches on rate of growth, " reboisement " 

 works, planting and sowing are fully shown, as fully as are the 

 methods of extraction of timber, and the utilization of forest 

 products in general. Both of these countries presented to the 

 Congress for free distribution copies of valuable papers on 

 forestry. The most important of those presented by Austria is 

 the official guide to the forests, published by the Ministry of 



