348 TRANSACTIONS OP ROYAL SCOTTISH ARBORIC[JLTURAL SOCIETY. 



250 square miles of country have been reclaimed, and those 

 in the Hungarian region of the Karat, near Fiume, where most 

 important works are being successfully carried out. Forest 

 Protection was illustrated by so many interesting and important 

 exhibits, that it would be impossible here to mention most 

 of them ; and it must suffice to say that insects and their 

 ravages, destructive fungi and their effects, were the most 

 especially noticeable. Except perhaps in Germany, nowhere 

 have the ravages caused in forests by destructive insects and 

 fungoid diseases been studied in greater detail and with greater 

 success as regards prevention and cure than in Austria and 

 Hungary. While on this subject I may mention that in 

 the Italian pavilion also, the collections illustrating these very 

 important matters were especially noticeable and good. Foi'est 

 Law was illustrated by the various legislative acts of the two 

 Governments, and Forest Education by quite a large series of 

 pictures, books, and models from the great forest schools, 

 especially from that of Selmeczbanya, in Hungary. Forest Sur- 

 veys and Forest Engineering were fully represented by beautiful 

 maps, plans in relief, pictures, photographs and models of 

 houses, and models and pictures of roads and export works. 

 In addition, Forest Botany was represented by well-prepared 

 herbaria, Zoology by birds, manmals, and insects, and even the 

 soils of the different classes of forest were show n. 



The chief lesson, as it seemed to me, which these splendid col- 

 lections brought forward was that Forestry, besides being in itself 

 a science of importance, requires for its successful carrying out, 

 not merely a smattering but quite an intimate knowledge of several 

 sciences. In such countries as Austria and Hungary, and we know 

 the same to be true of Germany and other countries as well, a 

 forest officer is bound to be an all-round scientist. Physics and 

 chemistry, meteorology and geology, botany and zoology, all 

 come in, and all have to be considered in the daily work of a 

 forest officer. I am the more glad to be able to draw attention 

 to this especial point, as, recently, a considerable amount of 

 discussion has taken place on the question of the scientific know- 

 ledge to be required of candidates for the Indian Forest Service. 

 I am glad to say that it has been admitted by most of those who 

 are most competent to speak from experience, that scientific 

 aptitude and a liking for scieuce are requisites of the first im- 

 portance in the selection of candidates for forest appointments, 



