366 TRANSACTIONS OP ROYAL SCOTTISH ARBORICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



a forest area of 48,000,000 acres, of which 12,000,000 are State 

 forests. The latter have been taken fairly under systematic 

 management. A considerable portion of the Swedish forests are 

 situated far north, and their growth is very slow, giving only a 

 small annual increment. In the more accessible areas it has 

 already been necessary to prohibit the cutting of trees of less than 

 8 inches in diameter at 5 feet from the ground, and a similar pro- 

 hibition may soon become necessary in other areas. The manu- 

 facture of paper-pulp and cellulose is rapidly increasing, and it is 

 estimated that at present about 1.000,000 tons of coniferous 

 timber are annually consumed by this industry, which is rapidly 

 growing. Nevertheless, it is probable that the present outturn 

 may be maintained, and even somewhat increased, but by no 

 means to such an extent as to make up for the prospective falling- 

 away of the exports from Norway and Austria-Hungary. 



Russia, including Finland. 

 Present annual net exports, 



Tons. 

 5,900,000 



Value. 



£8,900,000 



Thirty-five years ago the net exports amounted to about one- 

 t'ourth, so that the mean annual increase comes to about 126,000 

 tons. About two-fifths of the exports come from Finland, and 

 three-fifths from Russia proper. Of the timber, 38 per cent, goes 

 to Britain, 32 per cent, to Germany, and the remaining 30 per cent, 

 to France, Belgium, Holland, and other countries. 



The distribution of the forest area, according to proprietorship, 

 appears to be as follows : — 



The average area of forest land per head of population is just 

 under 6 acres. 



These are large areas, and at first sight it would appear that they 

 are sufficient to supply any deficit that may appear elsewhere. In 



