468 TRANSACTIONS OF ROYAL SCOTTISH ARBORICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



were left hanging to the trees, which after a few days presented 

 quite a withered appearance. 



The storm, coming as it did in the middle of June, caught the 

 trees when in their first full leaf. Thus numbers of the still 

 tender twigs were cut clean off, and, owing to the diminution of 

 leaves, the amount of food assimilated by the plant was consider- 

 ably lessened, while the year's growth must have been correspond- 

 ingly reduced. 



The wounds caused on the stems of trees were observed only 

 on young bark which was still smooth, and no damage was seen 

 on the bark of branches more than 2 inches thick. Coppice-shoots 

 seem to have suffered most, as the bark was necessarily tender, 

 owing to their rapid growth. The wounds on such shoots seem 

 also to have much more difficulty in healing. Tn all cases, trees 

 with a natural tendency to throw out horizontal branches, and 

 especially when they were grown in the open, seem to have 

 suffered most. The branches had then to encounter the full force 

 of the blow from the hailstones, and thus the newly-formed wood 

 was often badly bruised. On the other hand, trees which tend to 

 form vertical branches, and those gi*own in close woods, setm to 

 have suffered less, as they had not to meet the full force of the 

 blow; from them the hailstones glanced off, leaving a comparatively 

 narrow and clean cut which can soon heal. This can be very 

 well seen in the case of the apple trees standing in the gardens 

 here. Standard trees, which are allowed to grow naturally, have 

 not suffered nearly so severely as those grown on the espalier 

 system, with the branches trained horizontally. 



The Amount of Damage done to Different Varieties 

 of Trees. 



Coniferous trees seem to have suffered the least permanent 

 damage ; owing to the narrowness of their needles, their foliage 

 practically received no damage, and any wounds formed on the 

 stem were soon covered by the exudation of resin. The wounds 

 may, however, at some future time, impair the quality of the 

 timber. 



Larch appears to have suffered most, owing most likely to the 

 sparseness of its foliage, and to the fact that the needles come off 

 in whorls, and leave the greater part of the stem bare. 



Scots Pine appears to have been damaged to a considerable 



