EFFECTS OF A HAILSTORM TO GROWING TIMBER CROPS. 469 



extent, though not so badly as the larch. This is most likely 

 due to its heavier foliage, which would more or less protect 

 the stem. 



Sjjruce seems to have suffered the least damage, perhaps because, 

 being a shade-bearing tree, its living needles are carried well up 

 the branches, and thus protect the branches on which they grow 

 as well as those lower down. 



In regard to broad-leaved trees, they may be named in the 

 following order, commencing with those which were most 

 damaged : — (1) willows and poplars, (2) ash, (3) sycamore, (4) 

 oak, (5) alder, (6) beech, (7) birch. Except in the case of the 

 willows and poplars, which have exceptionally soft bark, the order 

 is the same as that in which these trees would stand if classified 

 according to the thickness of their twigs, those with the thickest 

 twigs being damaged the most. 



The Occlusion of Wounds. 



As I mentioned above, the wounds on conifers soon managed 

 to cover themselves by means of the exudation of resin, except in 

 the case of the Douglas fir, on which tree the wounds are still 

 quite open. The rate of occlusion on broad-leaved trees, as far as 

 I have been able to observe, is as follows, commencing with those 

 which healed quickest : — (1) mountain ash, (2) beech, (3) alder, 

 (4) ash, (5) birch, (6) sycamore, (7) oak, (8) poplars and willows. 



