236 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE. 
OSAGE ORANGE.—The cultivation of the Osage orange (Maclura au- 
rantiaca) is so well understood in this country that there is no need of 
giving detailed instructions on the subject. Very generally used as a 
hedge plant in those sections of the country which are particularly 
adapted to silk-culture, its leaves may at once be obtained without any 
special investment of capital. Indeed, as the hedges need trimming, the 
cutting off of the new year’s growth, as the leaves may be wanted for feed- 
ing purposes, is a saving rather than an expenditure. Those who use 
this plant as silk-worm food must, however, bear in mind that the shoots 
from a hedgerow become very vigorous and succulent by the time the 
worms are in the last age. These more milky and succulent terminal 
leaves should be thrown aside and not used, as they are apt to induce 
flaccidity and disease. } 
In avoiding these more tender leaves, and using only the older and 
firmer ones, especially when the worms are large, consists the whole 
secret of the successful rearing of silk-worms on this plant; and if care 
be had in this respect there will be no appreciable difference in the silk 
crop from Osage orange as compared with that from Mulberry. 
Should the worms, from whatever cause, hatch before either Mulberry 
or Osage orange leaves can be obtained, they may be quite successfully 
fed, for a few days, upon well-dried lettuce leaves. It will, however, be 
worse than a waste of time to attempt to feed them entirely on these 
leaves, or, in fact, on any other plants than the two here recommended. 
GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED. 
Age. The interval between any two molts. 
Alimentary canal. The food canal; a straight, simple tube, running from one end of 
the body to the other, and which it is impossible to subdivide into gullet, stomach, 
and intestine. 
Alkaline. Having the opposite reactions to an acid. 
Anal horn. The horn upon the posterior end of the body of the worm. 
Annuals, Those races which produce but one brood in a year. 
Antenne. The feathery feelers upon the head of the moth. 
Bivoltins. Those races producing two broods in one year. : 
Bombycide. The family of moths commonly known as ‘‘spinners,” to which the silk- 
worm moth belongs. 
Botrytis Bassiana. The fungus causing muscardine. 
Brin. The French term for a single thread from the cocoon. 
Carneous. Flesh-colored. \ 
Choked cocoons. A term applied to those cocoons in which the chrysalis has been killed. 
Chrysalis. The third or restful stage of the insect, or that between the worm and the 
moth; inclosed in the cocoon. : 
Cocoon. The silken covering with which the worm surrounds itself before passing 
into the chrysalis state. 
Cocoonery. The name applied to a room or building used for the spinning of worms 
Dacey. A Bengalese race of worms producing eight broods each year. 
Dorsal vessel. The heart, extending from one end of the body to the other, just under 
the skin of the back. eae 
Epizootic. A term having the same significance with lower animals as epidemic with 
man. 
Fil. A French term for the combined threads as they come from the reel. 
Filature. The French name for a reeling establishment. 
Floss silk. Raw silk made from the loose matexial of the outer cocoon and from 
pierced cocoons, &c. It is carded and spun like cotton or wool. 
Gattine. An old name for a mild phase of the disease known as pébrine. 
Grasserie, A silk-worm disease allied to jaundice. 
Green cocoons. A name frequently applied to fresh or unchoked cocoons. Should be 
avoided, except where it has reference to cocoons of a green color. 
Greens. A name applied to those races making coc:oons of a greenish tint. 
Integument. Skin or outer covering. 
Labium. The under lip upon which is situated the» spinneret. 
Larva. The second or worm stage of the insect. 
Lepidoptera. Name of the Order to which the silk- worm belongs. 
