REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 239 
and persevering efforts been made to prevent its ravages. Through the 
columns of the agricultural and horticultural journals, as well as in the 
pages of their pomological transactions, the simple methods of fighting 
this pest that have been reported and recommended in the Missouri Re- 
ports have been persistently kept before the people, while Professor 
Beal, of the Agricultural College, has, perhaps, done more good than 
any one else by “showing that it cost him no more than 4 cents per tree 
to keep the bands around the trunks, changing them every nine days in 
‘the warm months, from the first appearance of the worms until the end 
of August, in an orchard of 250 trees. Ll agree with him when he as- 
serts that “if a man will not take the trouble to keep his fruit from the 
worms he deserves to eat wormy apples” 
Since my connection with the Department of Agriculture there have 
been sent to me four different kinds of patent bandages to be used as 
traps for this apple-worm, but I can find no advantages in any of them 
over the simple paper bandages, first recommended by me in 1872, and 
since very generally employed. 
THE WESTWARD PROGRESS OF THE IMPORTED CABBAGE- 
WORM. 
In 1869, in my second Missouri report, in treating of this insect, I re- 
marked, cl There is every reason to fear that it may some day g eet a 
foothold in our midst,” after showing that it was then contined to cer- 
tain restricted parts of Canada and New England, and had not spread 
west of New York. It has been making further progress westward 
every season since. The past year it has done considerable damage as 
far west as Chicago, and I have also received good testimony that it 
was observed around Saint Louis. I have given my reasons, in the re- 
port referred to, for believing that it will prove more disastrous to the 
cabbage fieids around Saint Louis than the southern cabbage worm 
(Pieris protodice), which has always been with us and has done, at times, 
considerable damage; and I refer those who wish to be prepared with 
a full knowledge of the habits of this species to thut same report. 
As remedies, few liquids will prove more effectual than hot water, 
judiciously applied, though 1 pound of whale-oil soap, dissolved in about 
6 gallons of water, or even a strong tar water, may be used to advantage. 
The application should be made several times during the year, as it will 
be most effectual when the worms are young. 
As preventive measures, the worms may be induced to transform 
under flat pieces of board laid upon any object that will raise them about 
an inch from the surface of the ground. These boards should be exam- 
ined every week and the transforming larve or the chrysalides destroyed. 
The butterflies may also be captured by hand-nets and prevented from 
laying their eggs. 
CHAPIN’S APPLE-LEAF-SEWER. 
(Phoxopteris nubeculana, Clem.) 
[Ord, LEPIDOPTERA ; Fam. TORTRICID 2. | 
In March, 1877, I received from Mr. O. C. Chapin, of East Bloomfield, 
Ontario County, New York, a quantity of folded apple leaves, each leat 
containing a small, greenish-yellow larva about 9 millimeters in length. 
