254 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE. 
at that point tend always to keep closed. Considerable force from an 
outside enemy.would be necessary to open this orifice, though from the 
inside the slightest pressure enables the Jarva to protrude its anal seg- 
ment when the excrement is to be voided. It is through this opening, 
also, that the perfect moth emerges from the case. 
During the autumnal months Mr. Fairweather seems not to have no- 
ticed the young larve, and they are then very easily overlooked for three 
reasons: Ist, their small size at this time; 2d, the size and toughness of 
the leaves; and 3d, the habit which the worms have of feeding in the fall 
on the under side of the Jeaf only. Upon the approach of winter they mi- 
erate to the twigs and fasten their cases thereto with silk, remaining 
fixed until early spring, when they begin operations by attacking the 
unopened buds. ‘The injury which they do from this time on is shown 
in Mr. Fairweather’s letters. The larvi now feed upon and skeleton- 
ize the upper surface of the leaf, devouring enly the parenchyma, and 
they also have the injurious habit, according to Mr. Fairweather, of 
burrowing into the young apples. About the middle of June they aban- 
don the leaves, and, attaching themselves firmly to the twigs with silk, 
transform into chrysalides. Before doing this, however, they completely 
reverse their position in the cases so that the chrysalis faces the slit-like 
orifice where was formerly the anus of the larva, It seems as though 
the remark of Stainton,* to the effect that the chrysalis is inclosed in the 
last larval skin and is consequently never seen, is not carried out in this 
species, as the skin of the larva is completely cast off and wedged into 
the lower orifice of the case. In about three weeks the perfect insect 
issues, forcing its way through the posterior slit with the greatest ease, 
and leaving behind no trace of its exit. 
The only enemy of this insect, so far known, is a minute Chalcid fly, 
which has inereased to such an extent since the ravages of the Coleophora 
became apparent on Mr. Fairweather’s place that it bids fair to render 
additional remedies unnecessary. The specimens sent in 1877 were not 
parasitized. Those sent in 1878 were about half of them affected, and 
of twenty-four specimens received in March, 1879, seventeen had been 
destroyed by this little fly, which I have not yet found time to properly 
study. 
The same direct remedy recommended for Chapin’s Apple-leaf roller 
and the Juniper Web-worm will apply here. 
DESCRIPTIVE. 
COLEOPHORA MALIVORELLA, N. Sp.—Hgg--Unknown. 
Larva—Length 4™™, Color pale yellowish, often with faint roseate hue. Head retractile, large, 
black, granulated, and with a few rather long hairs at sides; median suture white; antenna 4-jointed, 
yellow, with the base of each joint white, the two basal joints equal in length, the third and fourth 
each one-half as long and more slender; a long bristle arises from apex of second jomt. Prolegs 
brown with the tips whitish; thoracic legs yellowish with the claws blackish. Thoracie joints each 
with a blackish, strongly granulate chitinous patch at the lateral projection, the mesothoracie joint 
having also two narrow black transverse dorsal spots posteriorly, and a subdorsal yellowish spot of 
@ similar nature. Tho two anal joints are covered with brown granulations and furnished with rather 
long hairs. j 
Imago—Female: expanse 14™™. Head, face, and palpi white. Antenne white, annulated with 
fuscous; basal joint with a long tuft of intermingled white and fuscous scales reaching to sixth 
joint. Primaries fuscous (mouse color more nearly), with many white scales at base, especially behind 
the median vein. Cilia fuscous; secondaries fuscous; thorax white, with a few fuscous scales. Ab- 
domen, with the anal tuft, whitish. Legs white with a ring of fuscous at the base of each tarsal joint. 
Male: expanse 12.5™™. Differs from female in the head, face, and palpi bemg fuliginous, and in 
having no tuft on the basal antennal joint; also, in being somewhat darker, the wings usually lacking 
the white basal scales, and tho legs being more grayish.f 
*WNat. Hist. of the Tineina, Vol. IV, p. 4. i , 
+ This species, in the sexual difference, conflicts with Stainton’s grouping, in which species haying a 
tuft to basal joint of antenne and with the wings unicolorous are brought together. 
