338 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE. 
serum and exudation in the pulmonal tissue. In some cases the morbid 
changes (hepatization) found in the lungs are so extensive as to cause 
the latter, if thrown into water, to sink like a rock, but in other cases 
the hepatization is limited to about one-sixth or one-eighth of the whole 
pulmonal tissue. In some cases, especially those in which the morbid 
changes were of a recent origin, no real hepatization, fully developed, 
had yet been effected; the lungs were merely gorged with exudation or 
blood-serum; the texture was not yet destroyed or seriously changed, 
but innumerable small red spots or specks, indicating incipient embolism, 
were plainly visible to the naked eye. (See photograph, Plate I, half-size 
lungs, right side of experimental pig No. VI, and photograph, Plate I, 
enlarged section of same lungs.) In other cases a part of the exudation 
had changed, organized, or become a part of the tissue, and had caused 
the latter to become more or less perfectly impermeable to air. In some 
lungs hepatization was found only in certain insulated places, while in 
others the hepatization extended uninterruptedly over whole portions. 
In all these cases in which the hepatization was very limited, it was found 
- principally in the anterior lobes. In some animals (that is in those which 
had been sick for some time), old or so-called gray, more recent or brown, 
and very new or red hepatization were frequently found side by side, or 
in more or less distinctly limited patches, showing plainly that the morbid 
changes had not been produced at once, but at several intervals. In 
others, usually the upper parts of the same lungs, the exudation or blood- 
serum had been recently deposited, and was yet in a fluid condition. The 
blood-serum, examined under the microscope, invariably contained, be- 
sides blood-corpuscles, numerceus bacilli suis, some moving and some with- 
out motion, and innumerable bacillus-germs, of which some had budded, 
some were budding, and others had conglomerated. (See drawing I, 
figs. 5 and 4, and drawing ITI, fig. 1.) 
2. The lymphatic and mesenteric glands were found invariably more 
or less enlarged. In some cases they presented even a brownish or 
blackish color, and contained not only deleterious matter, but even effu- 
sions of blood in sufficient quantities to push aside the normal glandular 
tissue. Whether neoplastic formations (a proliferous growth of cells) 
had taken place I have not ascertained, but have not the least doubt 
that it had. Under the microscope, particles of lymph and glandular 
substance, taken from the interior of the lymphatic gland, presented, 
besides normal tissue and lymph-corpuscles, a few blood-corpusceles, 
some granular detritus, and innumerable bacilli and bacillus-germs. (See 
drawings III and IV, figs. 5 and 3.) As lymphatic glands always most 
conspicuously enlarged’ and morbidly changed, may be mentioned the 
superficial and deep inguinal and the axillary glands, the bronchial and 
mediastinum glands in the chest, and the mesenteric, gastric, gastro- 
epiploic, and hepatic glands in the abdominal cavity. 
3. The trachea and the bronchial tubes contained in all cases more or 
less of a frothy mucus—in some cases the bronchial tubes were full of 
it—which consisted, examined under the microscope, of broken-down 
epithelium-cells, and contained a large number of bacillus-germs and 
bacilli. (See drawing I, fig. 2.) The mucous membrane of the trachea 
and of the bronchial tubes appeared to be congested, and more or less 
swelled in every case. 
4, The pulmonal and costal pleura, the mediastinum, and the pericar- 
dium presented almost invariably some morbid changes; only in a few 
cases no visible morbid changes could be found. In some animals those 
membranes appeared to-be smooth, but either the thoracic cavity or the 
pericardium, usually both, contained a smaller or larger quantity (from 
| 
| 
| 
