DISEASES OF SWINE AND OTHER ANIMALS. 339 
one ounce to one pint or more) of straw-colored serum. In a great 
many Cases one or more, and sometimes all, of those membranes were 
coated to some extent with plastic exudation. In several cases a more 
or less firm adhesion between costal and puimonal pleura and mediasti- 
num, between pulmonal pleura and diaphragm, or between pulmonal 
pleura and pericardium, had been effected. In a few cases the whole 
surface of the lungs appeared more or less firmly united with the walls 
of the thorax. In one case the whole external surface of the heart was 
firmly, and in another one partially, coalesced with the inner surface of 
the pericardium. The pig (a fine animal about four months old), in 
which the pericardium adhered with its whole interior surface firmly and 
inseparably to the.external surface of the heart, had severe convulsions 
during life. It was killed in my presence by a professional butcher, 
who stuck it in the usual way and severed the trunk of the carotids; 
only a few drops of blood issued, but the pig died immediately. The 
other morpid changes consisted in hepatization in the lungs, enlargement 
of the lymphatic glands, andthe presence of large and numerous mor- 
bid growths in the cecum and colon. 
5. In nearly every animal the heart itself has been found more or less 
affected in one way or another.’ In some animals it was flabby and 
dilated, but in most cases it was more or less congested. The capillary 
vessels, especially of the auricles, were, in a large number of cases, 
gorged with blood to such an extent as to give them a brownish-black’ 
appearance, almost similar to gangrene. On closer inspection, however, 
it could be seen very plainly that the brownish-black color was caused 
exclusively by an accumulation of blood in the capillary vessels. 
6. In forty-eight cases out of fifty-three, characteristic morbid changes 
have been found in the cecum and colon. Fhe same consist in peculiar 
morbid growths or ulcerous tumors on the mucous membrane of those 
intestines. They are of various sizes, nearly round or (sometimes) ir- 
regular in shape, more or less elevated above the surface of the mucous 
membrane, and frequently, especially the older and larger ones, dark- 
pigmented on their surface. Their size varies from that of a pin’s head 
(incipient tumors or nodules) to that of a quarter of a dollar. The 
smaller ones are usually of an ocher color, and but slightly projecting 
above the surface of the mucous membrane (see photograph, Plate ILI), 
but the larger ones are of a grayish-black-brown (see photograph, Plate 
IV,) or blackish color; project considerably above the surface of the 
membrane, in some cases fully half an inch; have usually a slight con- 
cavity in the center, and frequently a plain neck or thick pedicle. (See 
photographs, Plates V, VI,and VIL.) Under the microscope these mor- 
bid growths or excrescences appear to be composed, on their surface, 
of a granular detritus and morbid epithelium cells, and contain innu- 
merable bacilli suis, some of which have a very rapid motion. (See 
drawing V, fig. 1.) The stroma of hese morbid growths consists mainly 
of a dense connective tissue. In some cases these morbid growths, es- 
pecially the smaller ones, or those of a recent origin (see photograph, 
Piate II), are situated merely on the surface of the mucous membrane, 
and are easily scraped off wih the back of the scalpel. Thus removed 
they leave behind an uneven, excoriated surface, not dissimilar to gran- 
ulation. The older and larger tumors, however, extend deeper into the 
membranes of the intestine; they usually penetrate the mucous mem- 
brane, and extend into the muscular coat, and even penetrate the latter, 
and extend into the external or serous membrane. In some cases all 
three membranes of the cecum or colon have been found degenerated 
and destroyed beneath such a morbid growth, so as to show perforation 
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