DISEASES OF SWINE AND OTHER ANIMALS. 357 
by pressure, showing already existing embolism if not even rupture and 
the escape of the blood-elements into the tissue. 
Second. In some, though by no means in all, there appeared black 
spots on which pressure had no effect. The cuticle of such spots dried 
up and shrunk, and if the pig survived long enough was finally de- 
tached. 
- Third. In nearly all there were slight pointed elevations, mostly 
a around the roots of the bristles, which over the whole body had become 
4 more erect, rough, and harsh. 
Fourth. Scattered more or less abundantly over the surface were black 
| eoncretions, hardening in most cases into a scab, but in others, and par- 
| ticularly on the inner side of the thighs, accumulating as a soft, greasy 
inunction. Where this was not diffused as a uniform black incrusta- 
tion, it showed as small black particles mostly at the reots of the bris- 
tles, and was evidently a product of the diseased sebaceous glands. 
Fifth. The skin showed at many points, and above all on the pendent 
margins of the ears, on the hocks and knees, on the rump and abdomen, 
an unbroken blue or violet tint, which could not be effaced by pressure. 
In bad cases this was associated with considerable swelling of the ears, 
and in one with rupture of the integument and loss of blood. 
Finally. A great accumulation of scurf took place along the back, and 
with the tough, rigid state of the skin contributed much to the unthrifty 
look of the subject. 
The arching of the back, the drawing up of the flank, the advance of 
the hind toward the fore feet, and the stiff movements of the hind limbs 
sufficiently attested abdominal suffering, while the contractions of the 
rectum resisting the introduction of the thermometer testified in most 
eases to the irritability of the bowels, if not to the thickening and corru- 
gation of their mucous membrane. The gait was stiff and uncertain, 
and the patient inclined to lie in its litter, by preference stretched on its 
belly. The bowels at this stage were mosily irritable. In the milder 
cases they were mostly costive, or if- the dung was of natural consist- 
ency it smelt strongly. In the worst cases, and in several of the milder 
ones, they became relaxed with a semi-solid fetid discharge, or a yel- 
lowish white or slaty yellow watery flow, alternating with more eonfined 
or costive conditions. Vomiting was noticed once or twice; but was al- 
together exceptional. One patient ground its teeth, but one only. Sev- 
eral had a cough, occurring in paroxysms, but the majority had none, 
and this is the more remarkable that several of those that appeared to 
show this immunity harbored numerous lung-worms. In most cases the 
inguinal glands could be felt to be enlarged. 
Stage of sinking—When patients were approaching death, the tem- 
perature, after reaching its highest point, suddenly descended to below 
the natural, the pulse increased to 130 or even 160 per minute, extreme 
weakness supervened so that the animal could barely rise or drag itself 
around; in some cases the nervous powers were so dulled that the pig 
lay in a stupor, hardly disturbed when pricked to obtain a drop of blood 
for examination, and in others there seemed to be active delirimm, with 
sudden starting and screaming. Nervors disorder was further shown 
by general tremors and muscular jerking of the limbs or body. If for- 
merly purging, the anus became relaxed, and the liquid feces eseaping 
involuntarily smeared the thighs and bed. In two this state of things 
lasted for two days before death supervened. At this stage moving 
bacteria were repeatedly detected in the blood. 
Subsidence of jever—In cases which seemed to promise recovery, in- 
cluding a majority of the whole, the temperature declined gradually 
