368 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE. 
toward the natural standard, the bowels became more regular, the ap- 
petite improved, the skin cleared up, and all the bad symptoms steadily 
diminished. As it was not our object to preserve them they were either 
sacrificed. or again inoculated, so that the too frequently tardy and im- 
perfect or uncertain convalescence was not verified in our pens. 
POST-MORTEM LESIONS. \ 
In considering the morbid anatomy of the disease, the lesions of the 
skin referred to above under the head of symptoms need not be again 
recorded. 
The characteristic lesions were found especially in the digestive or- 
gans, the lymphatic glands, and the lungs, though the serous mem- 
branes and other tissues were by no means always exempt. 
Digestive organs.—In four cases the tongue was the seat of spots of a 
deep-blue color, ineffaceable by pressure, and in three cases it bore dis- 
tinct ulcers, similar to those to be described later as existing in the 
large intestine. Similar ulcers appeared on the soft palate, in two 
cases, and on the tonsils in one. In four cases the pharynx bore indeli- 
ble blue spots of extravasation, but no distinct ulceration. In one in- 
stance a white concretion in four minute lobes, like pins’ heads, was 
found on the mucous membrane on the back of one arytenoid cartilage, 
consisting of rounded nucleated cells and granular matter. In one case 
only did the gullet show patches of congestion. The stomach always 
contained a fair amount of food, usually smelt intensely acid, the ex- 
halation fuming with ammonia, and presented on the mucous membrane 
of its great curvature a mottled, dark-brown discoloration, as is often 
seen in pigs that have been starved for some time prior to slaughtering. 
In four cases this membrane bore patches of thickening from 4 to 1 
inch in diameter, of a deep-red color, from blood extravasation into and 
beneath the mucosa. In two cases it bore a dirty yellowish-white pel- 
licle of diphtheritic-looking false membrane, the microscopic characters 
of which will be noted hereafter. In one case slight erosion of the mem- 
brane had ensued, but withont the formation of any slough. 
Thesmall intestines constantly presented spots of congestion, and some- 
times extended tracks of the same, with softening of the mucous mem- 
brane and excessive production of mucus. The spots were easily over- 
looked unless when the entire length of the gut was slit open and 
carefully examined, but when closely examined they presented not only 
the branching redness resulting from coagulation of blocd in the capil- 
lary blood-vessels, but also microscopic extravasations of the blood out 
of thin natural currents. Another point which served to characterize 
these limited congestions was a greater or less hemorrhagic reddening 
of the mesenteric glands immediately adjacent to the congested spots. 
In three cases only were distinct erosions found on the smail intestines, 
and in one, ulceration with the dirty-white central slough so common in 
the large intestines. The edge of the ileo-czcal valve was twice the 
seat of a sloughing ulcer, and in four subjects the glandular follicles of 
Peyer’s patch were enlarged at this point, a condition which is, however, 
‘not uncommon in pigs killed in health. 
In the large intestines the lesions were at once more constant and more 
advanced. The cecum was the seat of dark-red patches from conges- 
tion and extravasation in six cases, the colon in six, and the rectum in 
five. Ulcers appeared on the cecum in eight cases, on the colon in seven, 
and on the rectum in three. In two cases the whole length of the large 
intestine was the seat of great thickening of the mucous membrane, 
