372 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE. 
of similar rounded cells (Klein’s giant cells), granular matter, and clumps 
of granular bacteria. | 
In one instance the wind-pipe from larynx to lung had its superior 
wall covered by a yellowish-white diptheritic-looking layer similar to that 
which I found on another occasion throughout nearly the whole large 
intestine. A section of this under the microscope showed mainly small 
rounded granular cells, Klein’s large granular uniocular cells, and clus- 
ters of the granular masses of bacteria, staining deeply with hema- 
toxylon. The liver sometimes showed congestion and blocking of its 
intralobular capillaries and an escape of small rounded granular cells 
(lymph) into the interlobular spaces, the latter aifording a marked con- 
trast to the redness in the center of the acini. 
Kidneys.—These were, with one exception, pale in their cortical por- 
tion, and a cloudy swelling existed in the walls of the tubules. Spots 
of blood-staining were common on the papillz, and at those points the 
capillaries were blocked by coagula to a greater or less extent. 
Blood.—In most cases no alteration of the blood was detected. In 
one pig, however, on the second day before death, the blood swarmed 
with bacteria, showing very active movements. In the subjoined draw- 
ings (Plate XIII, Fig. 3) may be seen the various forms presented by 
one bacterium in a few minutes only. The blood of another pig, which 
had been inoculated from this one showed the same living germs in 
equal quantity. They were further found in the blood of a rabbit and 
sheep inoculated from the first-mentioned pig. in an abscess of a puppy 
which had also been inoculated the germs were abundant. The blood 
was not examined. In the blocd of healthy pigs no such organisms 
were found. “It may be added that the greatest precautions were taken 
to avoid the introduction of extraneous germs. The caustic potass em- 
ployed was first fused, then placed with reboiled distilled water in a 
stoppered bottle that had been heated to a red heat. The glass slides 
and cover glasses were cleaned and burned, the skin of the animal 
cleaned and incised with a knife that had just been heated in the fame 
of a lamp, the caustic solution and the distilled water for the immersion 
lens were reboiled on each occasion before using, and finally the glass 
rods employed to lift the latter were superheated before being dipped in 
them. On different occasions when the animal was being killed I even 
received the blood from the flowing vesseis beneath the skin into a cap- 
ilary tube which had just been purified by burning im the flame of a 
lamp. With these precautions it might have been possible for one or 
two bacteria to get in from the atmosphere, but not for the swarms I 
found as soon as the blood was placed under the microscope. 
PARASITIC WORMS. 
In vieW of the fact that the swine-fever has been repeatedly ascribed 
to the ravages of worms, it may be well to notice specially those that 
were found in the pigs subjected to experiment. 
Strongylus elongatus (Dry.), Paradoxus (Meblis), Lung-worm.—tThe first 
eight pigs were purchased of a butcher, and had been fed on offal from 
his slanghter-house. The lungs of all these contained these worms in 
numbers varying from ten to forty full-grown specimens, and one pig 
died, apparently from this cause, on the seventh day. The worms were 
mostly found in the terminal part of the main bronchium in the posterior 
lobe of one or both lungs. Others of the air-tubes were, however, 
occasionally infested. The infested tubes were filled with a glairy 
mucus, reudering them totally impervious to air, and containing the 
