411 
tom of illness. Eleven days later it was pinoculated with scab from the ear of the 
lamb, and again three days later with anal\mucus ‘from the sheep. The day before 
this last inoculation it was noted that the in,tuinal glands were much enlarged, and 
six days after the temperature was elevated, az. purple spots appeared on the belly. 
This fever temperature has lasted but a few days up to the present time, but, taken 
along with the violent rash and the enlarged lymphatic glands, it furnishes satis- 
factory evidence of the disease. We can-therefore fiirm of the sheep as of the rabbit 
that not only is it subject to this disease, but that it Can multiply the poison in its sys- 
tem and transmit it back to the pig. 
Two other pigs have been inoculated from the lamb, )ut during the few days that 
have elapsed they have shown no outward symptoms. 
UNSUCCESSFUL INOCULATION OF A PUPPY. 
A drachm of blood and pleural fluid containing bacteria, from a pig just dead, was 
injeeted hypodermically on the side of a Newfoundland puppy. Next day she was 
very dull and careless of food, while her temperature was abnormaUy high. The third 
day the heat of the body was natural, and a fair amount of liveliness had returned. A 
few days later a large abscess appeared on the seat of inoculation, discharged and 
healed, and from this time the health seemed to be re-established. 
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE INFECTION OF RODENTS AND SHEEP) 
Many will, no doubt, be startled at the above developments, and inquire, Nalf incred- 
ulously, How is it that the susceptibility of these animals to this affection has never 
been noticed before? It may even be suspected that we have been mistaken as to 
the identity of the disease, and that we may be dealing with the malignant anthrax 
(bloody murrain) rather than the specific fever of swine. But a slight attention to the 
phenomena and post-mortem lesions of our cases will speedily dispel the doubt. 2alig- 
nant anthrax is more fatal to sheep and rabbits than to the other domestic animals, 
whereas in my sheep the disease was so mild that its very existence would almost cer- 
tainly have been overlooked in the ordinary management of a flock, and it was only 
detected in these cases by the careful thermometric and other observations made day \. 
by day on the inoculated animals. In the rabbit the disease was more severe, and 
would undoubtedly have proved fatal if left to itself, yet even in this animal there 
Was no indication of the rapid course and speedy destruction which characterize the 
malignant anthrax, Again, although in both diseases alike, the lymphatic glands are 
the seat of morbid enlargement, yet the increase and engorgement of the spleen which 
are so constant and so characteristic in malignant anthrax were altogether absent in 
my pigs infected from ‘the rabbit. Moreover the digease in the pigs ran the usual 
comparatively slow course of the pig-fever, rather than the speedily fatal one of the 
anthrax afiection. In the inoculated pigs, too, the combined lesions of the skin, 
lungs, bowels, and lymphatic glands are unquestionably those of the swine-plague, 
and not those of malignant anthrax. ; 
It is not surprising that the disease should have been hitherto unrecognized in the 
sheep and rabbit. The most obvious symptoms in pigs—the pink, purple, violet, or 
black spots and patches of the skin—were never observed in these animals, unless we 
can consider the eruption on the ears of the lamb as of this nature. In the sheep, to 
which alone much attention would be paid, the constitutional disturbance was so 
2 to be easily overlooked, the appetite even, and rumination scarcely suffering 
or a day. 
Again, the failure to recognize the identity of a disease in two different genera ot 
animals is familiar to all who have made a study of comparative pathology. Cow-pox 
and horse-pox have existed in all historic ages, but it remained for the immortal 
Jenner to recognize and show their identity in the last century. Malignant anthrax 
has prevailed from the time of Moses, yet in all the older veterinary works we find its 
different forms described as independent diseases—blain, quarter evil, putrid sore throat, 
&e. Even to the present day many cases of this disease occurring in the human sub- 
ject (malignant pustule) are mistaken for erystpelas (black erysipelas). Glanders in 
horses seems to have been known to Aristotle, and was familiar to the ancient Greek 
Zooiatres and Roman Veterinarii, but its identity with the same disease in man was 
only shown in 1810 by Waldinger, of Vienna. Asiatic cholera has prevailed in the East 
from time immemorial, but it is only in the present century that its identity with 
cholera in animals.has been shown by Indian and European observers. 
It is no wonder, therefore, that the mildness of the hog-fever in the sheep should 
have masked its true nature, and that the universal disregard of the disease of the 
small rodents should have led us to ignore it in these as well. Now, however, that 
the truth is forced upon us, we must recognize it in all further attempts to arrest the 
course of the disease or to exterminate it. The destruction and burial of infected 
pigs, and the disinfection of the premises where they have been, can no longer be con- 
sidered a suflicient safeguard. The extermination of rabbits, wild and tame, of 
Guinea-pigs, of mice, and probably also of rats, within the infected area, will be 
equally essential. Sheep must-be rigidly excluded from the hog inclosures, and if 
