~ 
DISEASES OF SWINE AND OTHER ANIMALS. 441 
germs may also undoubtedly be carried a considerable distance by other 
animals or birds, and it is for this reason that many farmers have con- 
eluded that pasturing hogs on wheat-fields produces the disease; but 
hogs were pastured on wheat-fields as well thirty years ago as now; why 
did not the same result follow then? 
I have concluded, therefore, after a careful study of these facts, that 
this contagious disease does not originate de novo in North Carolina; and 
that if the contagious germs now in the State can be destroyed and their 
importation prevented, we shall be as free from it in the future as we 
were before its first importation, about the year 1859. 
HYGIENIC AND MEDICAL TREATMENT AS PREVENTIVES. 
Tt was one object of this investigation to determine if the best hygienic 
conditions, clover pasture, large range, and variety of food have any 
een vain influence against this contagion; and while a large num- 
er of cases where these conditions seemed perfect could not be collected, 
the few that were observed prove that these alone are absolutely power- 
less to keep off the disease. Thus, Mr. Wadsworth, of Charlotte, lost 117 
animals, nearly his whole stock, which had the run of a clover pasture 
and large wood lot, which had in addition slops from the city hotels, and 
grain. In this case disinfectants were freely used. Mr. Davidson, of 
Hopeweli, lost 50 per cent. of his herd under similar conditions. A herd 
kept at a slaughter-house, in Charlotte, which had other food as well as 
the refuse, was the first to take the disease, and suffered to the same ex- 
tent as others. Indeed I met with hundreds of cases where animals had 
large pastures and other food in addition daily, where such popular pre- 
ventives as salt and ashes, sulphur, tar, oil of turpentine, charcoal, and 
copperas were freely and regularly given, where the majority of the ani- 
mals were neither too fat to be vigorous nor so poor as to be wanting in» 
this respect, and yet from 50 to 90 per cent. succumbed to this affection. 
In one case where.I had the tincture of chloride of iron given regularly 
as a preventive, commencing before any of the animals showed even an 
elevation of temperature, and where they were in a large pasture at a 
considerable distance from any others, the disease has appeared; two 
have died and others will probably follow. 
Some experiments were made with bisulphite of soda, salycilic acid, 
bichromate of potassa, and bromide of ammonia to determine if these 
have any power to arrest the disease when given before any symptom but 
increased temperature had appeared; the results of these were as follows 
cel a 
d\n ft 32 | inal te 
#S | Beginning of tem- | = mpera- 
Agents. 25 : perature. Dose per day. | ag | fae 
aa | ae | 
=] | om} 
et 4 
Bisulphite of soda. | | 
Days. 
Experiment No. 1.......---..-- 6 | 103.6° to 106° F...| 4 drachms ........ 7 | 96° to 99° F. 
Experiment No. 2......-------- 4 | 1084° to 107° F...| 1 ounce ..--.-.---- * 4 | 1022° to 105° F 
Experiment No. 3....--.-...... 3 | 103° to 104° I*...| 1 to 4 ounce......- 7 | 103° to 106°-F. 
| 
Salycilic acid. | 
i ' 
Experiment No. 1.....--.------ 4 | 10439 to 107° F...| 30 grains.........- 7 | 100° to101°F. 
Experiment No. 2..... -------- 8 | 103° to106° F. -| 45 grains.......--- 6 | 103° to 105° F. 
Bichromate of potassa. 
Experiment No. 1........-.---- 3 | 1034° to 107° F...| $ grain..........-- 7 103° to 105° F. 
Bromide of ammonia. 
Experiment No. 1........-..... 4 | 103° to106° F...| 23 grains........-. 7 | 103° to 106° ¥. 
