GLANDERS AND FARCY. 449 
pearance. This sorrel horse soon after was sold to a man in another 
village, and came into a stable containing also quite a number of horses. 
In that stable, too, glanders broke out. A veterinary surgeon (another 
one) was called, and every horse showing symptoms of glanders was 
condemned and immediately destroyed. The old sorrel hor se, however, 
which was known to have “the heaves,” was again released after some 
length of time, together with those which had remained exempted, and 
was sold once more, this time to a man who kept over 30 horses (I have 
forgotten the exact number) in his stable a few miles from the city. In 
this last stable glanders likewise made its appearance after some lapse 
of time, but in that case Professor Spinola was called. He, too, after a 
careful investigation, condemned every horse that showed any symptom 
of glanders, and insisted upon condemning also the old sorrel horse, 
whose history was then unknown to him, notwithstanding that no symp- 
toms of disease, except such as_are usual attendants of heaves , could be 
observed. The owner hesitated to consent to the loss of a horse appa- 
rently not affected with glanders, but Spinola insisted upon the con- 
demnation. The post mortem’examination revealed that the old horse, 
which had the “heaves,” was affected with pulmonal glanders in a very 
high degree; and Spinola, after learning the history of the old sorrel, 
was convinced that the latter had caused the outbreak of the disease in 
all three stables. Professor Gerlach, in his valuable treatise, cites sev- 
eral cases, which to relate would lead too far. Some cases, though not 
so strking as that related above, have also come under my own observa- 
tion. In pulmonal glanders the morbid process has its principal seat in 
the lungs, and may remain limited to the latter for.months, and even 
for one or two years; and during that time, or as long as the morbid 
process is confined to the lungs, no prominent symptoms may make their 
appearance except such as are usual attendants upon heaves—some dif- 
ficulty of breathing, and a peculiar short, weak, and dull cough, which 
must be heard, but. is not easily described. Finally, however, but not 
*before the disease has made considerable progress, the difficulty of 
breathing increases, more or less discharge from the nose makes its ap- 
pearance, emaciation sets in, the natural glossiness of the coat of hair 
disappears and becomes rough, stands on end, and exhibits a so-called 
dead and dirty-looking appearance. The skin, too, loses some of its 
natural elasticity, and the animal becomes “hide-bound.” 
The morbid changes are revealed only at the post mortem examination. 
Smaller and larger glanders-nodules (usually called tubercles) present * 
themselves in different stages of development and subsequent decay in the 
tissue of the lungs. Some of them present themselves as formations rich 
in glanders-cells (see illustrations), and others, especially if the disease is 
of long standing, as decayed, cheesy, dried, and shrunk substances and 
glanders-tumors of a sarcomatous and fibroid character. In some of 
the oldest ones even a deposit of lime-salts may have taken place. I 
remember one case, which occurred in Germany, a few miles from my 
residence, about twenty years ago, when I first commenced to practice. 
I was called to examine a horse suffering from some pulmonal disorder. 
The symptoms were those of pulmonal glanders in an advanced stage of 
development; even nasal discharges had made their appearance. I diag- 
nosticated glanders, but being young and without much experience, de- 
clined to take the responsibility of “condemning the horse, because the 
laws of Germany are very strict in that respect, and provide that every 
horse affected with glanders be destroyed immediately. I therefore 
reported the case, not to the proper executive authorities, but to the 
29 AGR 
