GLANDERS AND FARCY. 455 
fection had taken place (both horses had been worked together, and had 
been kept in the same stable a week or two before the eyelid was torn), 
I was unable to decide, but hold myself convinced that the direct intro- 
duction of a comparatively large quantity of the contagion into a fresh 
wound, and the immediate contact of the same with the blood, consti- 
tuted the cause of the acute course of the disease, inaugurated by the 
inflammation in the wound of the eyelid. There can be no doubt of the 
disease having been communicated by horse No.1 to horse No. 2, because 
subsequent inquiries elicited the fact that horse No. 1 had become in- 
fected with glanders several months before he came into the possession 
of Mr. B., by another horse to which the disease had been communicated 
by a condemned United States Army horse affected with glanders and 
sold by the government to a farmer, in whose possession he died. 
Another case, perhaps not less illustrative, occurred in the same year, 
also not far from Dixon. I was cailed upon to examine a mule which 
showed suspicious symptoms, indicating the presence of glanders, but as 
no ulcers could be discovered in the nose a definite diagnosis could not be 
made. This, however, was the more necessary and desirable, as the mule 
in question had come from another State (Indiana), and had been bought 
only a few days before. To get out of the difficulty and to force a decis- 
ion, f inoculated the mule with his own nasal discharges under the 
sternum behind the fore legs. In a few days a nice farcy-uicer had 
developed, the symptoms of glanders proper, too, had made considerable 
progress, and the chronic course of the disease had been changed to an 
acute one. / 
Wherever glanders presents itself as an acute disease, either an uncom- 
monly large quantity of the contagion has been introduced at once and 
brought in direct contact with the blood, or a complication of some sort 
has been effected. 
The nature of glanders.—The hypothesis in regard to the nature of 
glanders, and the theories concerning the morbid changes and their 
relative importance, have differed very widely, and have recently under- 
gone great changes. Although modern investigations have proved 
beyond a reasonable doubt that all the old hypotheses are erroneous, 
some of them seem yet to have their adherents. 
At the end of the last and the beginning of this present century 
most veterinarians looked upon glanders as a blood disease. Bourgelat 
(1779), Kersting (1784), and Coleman (1859), supposed that glanders pro- 
ceeds from a morbid, corrupt, or defective composition of the blood and 
looked upon that as the immediate cause of the disease. 
Later veterinarians advanced different opinions. Dupuy (1849) called 
glanders an affection tuberculeuse, considered it, together with strangles 
or distemper, grease-heal, &c., as a tuberculous disease, and denied, like 
most French veterinarians, the existence of a contagion. Marel (1825) 
looked upon glanders as the natural consequence of a chronic inflamma- 
tion of the nasal mucous membranes. Dance and Cruveilhier connected 
glanders with an inflammation of the lymphatics. Loiset found throm- 
bosis in the lymphatics of the mucous membrane of the nose, and after 
that a tendency prevailed to consider glanders as a pyemic disease. 
This new doctrine culminated in the hypothesis of Tessier, who denied 
the absorption of matter, substituted a formation of matter (pus) in the 
blood, and pronounced glanders as one of many diseases in which a ten- 
dency to produce matter is primarily existing in the blood. Finally 
clinical observations were made in France which removed (?) every 
doubt as ta the pyemic nature of glanders. Renault (Recueil de méd. 
vétér., 1835, p. 396) published observations, according to which glanders 
