462 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE. 
tissue, but proceeds further if those glands become the seat of a 
neoplastic production of glanders-cells, as is usually the case in farey, 
and always if glanders is complicated with inflammation. It is evident 
that by such a spreading of the virus and absorption of deleterious 
glanders-matter some infectious elements, whatever their nature may 
be, will finally pass into the blood, and cause in that way a general dis- 
order, or a general dyseratic condition usually called ‘“ glanders-dyserasy.” 
That virus or infectious elements pass over into the blood, and pervade 
the whole animal organism, becomes apparent by the fact that the blood 
and the various animal secretions, the sweat for instance, possess con- 
tagious properties already at an early stage of the disease, or before the 
morbid process has spread much beyond its original seat, and are able 
to communicate the glanders from one animal to another. It may ap- 
pear to be somewhat strange that the early infectiousness of the blood 
and of the various secretions does not effect a general outbreak of the 
glanders-process in every suitable part (mucous membranes and con. 
nective tissues) of the animal body, and that, notwithstanding the facility 
with which the glanders-contagion communicates the disease from one 
animal to another, the morbid process remains usually for a long time 
confined to certain parts of the organism. It is, however, not any more 
surprising than a healing, or a cessation of the morbid process, of other 
equally contagious diseases—pleuro-pneumonia of cattle for instance— 
while the organism is yet replete with the contagion, which, in very 
small quantities, is able to communicate the morbid process to other 
animals. The truth is, our knowledge concerning the true nature of the 
contagious principle of the various contagious diseases is yet too lim- 
ited. If the theories of Hallier and others, based upon the discovery 
of micrococci, &e., in the blood amd in the secretions of animals affected 
with contagious diseases should prove to be correct; if, in other words, 
those micrococci—in glanders Malleomyces equestris, H.—do constitute 
the infectious elements, and the real, immediate cause of the morbid 
changes, all those strange phenomena may yet find a satisfactory ex- 
planation. If, however, those micrococci should not constitute the con- 
tagion, and should not be the cause of the morbid process, but the 
product of the same, or if their presence should prove to be a merely 
accidental one, it wiil be difficult to reconcile those facts. Professor 
Gerlach, who discards those theories as unfounded, hints at an ex- 
haustion of predisposition as affording a possible explanation. 
THE ANATOMICAL CHANGES.—The morbid products of the glanders- 
process make their appearance usually in more or less distinctly limited. 
nests, or in shape of nodules or tubercles and tumors, which vary con- 
siderably in size. Some of them are as small as the size of a pin’s head, 
and are called miliary tubercles; others are larger, of the size of a pea; 
and still others are quite large, and constitute tumors or glanders-ex- 
crescences. Practically, therefore, a discrimination between glanders- 
tubercles or small nests of glanders-cells, and tumors or large ones, 
is admissible. The former, however, must not be looked upon as 
identical with genuine tubereles as occurring in tuberculosis. A 
glanders-tuberele is a different thing altogether, only the name has 
become too convenient to be abolished. Glanders-tubereles oceur—t, 
in the substance and in the subserous tissue of the lungs; 2, in the 
mucous membrane of the nasal cavities and of the maxillary sinuses, 
_ but especially in the mucous membrane of the septum; 3, in the swelled 
and indurated submaxillary glands; and, 4, in the cutis. Some au 
thors have considered the presence of small miliary tubercles in the 
lungs as the criterion of the presence of glanders, but others have 
