464 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE. 
above the surface of the membrane, but not by any distinct color. On 
a eut, however, the same can be seen very plainly (Fig. V, a and bd). 
The substance of the glanders-nodules in the nose is more or less soft, 
and consists of round cells, free nuclei, spindle-shaped cells, and a fine 
connective intercellular substance. The spindle-shaped cells are lodged 
mostly side by side; some of them, the younger ones, are rather thin, 
and others are swelled in the middle, and are ripe and near breaking. 
The nodules or glanders-tubercles present usually a gray-yellowish color, 
if composed principally of round cells, and their color is somewhat in- 
distinct if spindle-shaped cells constitute the prevailing element. The 
retrogressive metamorphosis consists in a decaying to a fatty or cheesy 
substance. A real shrinking and exsiccation and a deposit of lime-salts 
do not occur. Glanders nodules or tubercles in the cutis are a compar- 
atively rare occurrence in horses, but are observed very often in human 
beings affected with glanders. As the skin of horses is coated with hair, 
only the larger tubercles or nodules will be noticed; the very small ones 
usually escape observation till the regressive process has been completed, 
and has changed them to small lenticular ulcers. Otherwise the morbid 
changes are the same as in the mucous membrane. 
Miliary tubercles, finally, can also frequently be found imbedded in the 
morbidly increased connective tissue of the indurated submaxillary and 
other lymphatic glands. Ona cut the same can often be pressed out 
of the surrounding tissue as small knots or nodules. An exsiccation 
is a frequent occurrence, but a deposit of lime-salts has not yet been 
observed. 
Glanders-tumors, or very large nests of glanders-cells, can be found 
fully developed only in the lungs, but are even there not as frequent as 
the tubercles. They have their seat usually immediately beneath the 
pulmonal pleura, especially toward the lower sharp border of the lungs. 
In some cases, however, the same are also found imbedded in the pul- 
monal tissue, and are then not seldom numerous. The tumors, or gland- 
ers growths, are either distinctly limited, and varying in size from that 
of a cherry to that of an apple, or the same are more or less diffuse. 
The large tumors seem to be composed of two or more smaller ones which 
have increased in size till they have come in contact with each other 
and have united. The intermediate pulmonal tissue in such a case has 
disappeared. Large tumors thus produced are frequently of an irregu- 
lar shape. The pulmonal tissue surrounding the gray or grayish-yel- 
low tumors is at first hyperemic, and the outlines of the latter are more 
or less indistinct, but afterwards the same become more defined. Ona 
cut these tumors present an appearance somewhat similar to bacon. In 
some cases the same are more or less firm and solid, like a fibroid growth, 
and in others of the consistency of a sarcoma. (Fig. VII, No. 2, pre- 
sents the grayish-yellow cut-surface of a glanders-tumor in natural size, 
for the most part distinctly limited from the hyperzemic pulmonal tissue, 
but at one end yet encroaching upon the latter, and not yet presenting 
a distinct demarcation. Fig. Vi, No. 3, is a smaller glanders-tumor in 
natural size, presenting yet visible, small, round, primary nodules and 
some remnants of pulmonal tissue, indicating plainly that the growth 
takes place, not from one but from several centers, and is not effected 
by peripherie apposition.) Under the microscope the constituents are 
found to be essentially the same as those of the smaller nodules or tu- 
bercles. The round cells, however, vary much more in size. Some are 
very large and distinguished by their dark and granulated nuelei. 
Numerous epithelial mother-cells, containing nuclei and incipient cells, 
spindle-shaped cells in different stages of development, some, maybe, 
