GLANDERS AND FARCY. A%3 
found no organic forms in the very infectious caseous substances taken 
from the mucous membrane of a horse affected with diphtheritic gland- 
ers. He, therefore, has come to the conclusion that the glanders-con- 
tagion does not consist in, nor is bound on, organic forms, and that the 
action of the contagious principle must be a chemical one. On the other 
hand Hallier and others have found organic growth (micrococci) in the 
humors of glandered horses and in the products of the morbid process 
of glanders, and are inclined to consider those micrococci as the agency 
which causes the disease, produces the morbid changes, and effects a 
communication of the glandered process to other healthy animals. If 
Hallier and others are right, a great many, mysterious phenomena ob- 
served in glanders find an explanation, but if Gerlach’s observations are 
correct, Hallier’s theories necessarily fall to the ground. Gerlach says: 
“ Hallier finds everywhere fungi, and Chauveau finds everywhere cells.” 
Still, notwithstanding my high regard for Gerlach and the thoroughness 
of his investigations, I think the finds of Hallier and of other investiga- 
tors cannot be discarded ; positive evidence is always of more value than 
negative proof. Haeckel (History of Creation, vol. 1, Protista.) and 
Klebs (Archiv fuer experimental-Pathologie, 187 73), separate the micro- 
scopic organisms found in glanders and in other contagious diseases 
from the class “fungus,” and consider them as a separate class, belong- 
ing neither to the animal nor to the vegetable kingdom. Whatever 
may be the truth as to the real nature of the contagious principle, future 
investigations must reveal. J myself have had no opportunity to make 
thorough microscopical investigations of the morbid products of gland- 
ers, and can, therefore, not advance any definite opinion of my own. 
Mere speculations cannot bring. any facts to light; thorough and patient 
observations are necessary. 
The glanders-contagion, whatever its nature may be, communicates 
glanders and farcy not only to the animals belonging to the genus equus, 
but also to other animals and to man. Numerous cases are reported 
every year in the periodical veterinary literature. ‘The only domesti- 
cated animal that seems to be exempted, or to be destitute of any pre- 
disposition is the ox. 
Glandered horses, as soon as the disease has been diagnosticated, are 
usually removed to the eow-stable, or to pens or places where cattle are 
kept, and still no case, as far as I have been able to learn, is on record 
in which an ox or a cow has contracted the disease. Sheep are easily 
infected. Goats, too, possess sufficient predisposition. Hrcolani described 
a case in ‘“ Ji medico veterinaria,” 1861, and Wirth succeeded in commu- 
nicating glanders to a male goat by means of inoculation (Archiv fuer 
Thierheilkunde, Bd. 6, Heft 1, 1844). Hogs seem to possess but little 
predisposition, and cases of dogs becoming infected and dying of gland- 
ers have been communicated by Nordstroem (Tidskrift for Veterinairer, 
etc., 1862) and Langeron (Ltevue vétérinaire, ete. , Toulouse, série I, 1876). 
Several cases are on record in which wild animals, lions especially, have 
become infected. with glanders by being fed with meat of glandered 
horses. According to the experiments of Viborg and Ring ‘heim, the flesh 
of a horse affected with glanders can be eaten without danger of infec- 
tion if properly cooked or fried. 
One important phenomenon must be mentioned, and that is, that gland- 
ers always becomes a frequent disease after any great war. Such was 
the case in our own country after the great civil war, as I have mentioned 
before, and also in Germany and Fr cance, but especially in the latter 
country, after the war of 187071. Cases of glanders will also be fre- 
quent during the next few years in the Turkish Eimpire, and in those 
